Franz Lindenmayr / Mensch und Höhle

Das Wortfeld 

"cave" - variations and composed expressions / Variationen und zusammengesetzte Ausdrücke  

Es wurde immer nur eine Erwähnung aus einer Publikation aufgenommen. / Only one quotation per publication, with a few exceptions.


"Language never fits geography."  Derekt Walcott

"The words which make up human language are inadequate for those who venture into the depth of the Earth." Jules Verne, Journey to the Centre of the Earth


Die meistverwendeten Formen werden ab 3 Zitaten mit XXX gekennzeichnet

adventure cave "It remains essentially a wild cave, with some modest infrastructure for its use as an 'adventure cave', although DOC does not currently run tours there - it is an 'open access' cave." Baird, Rawhiti Cave
adventure cave tour "One consequence of the development of adventure cave tours has been to blur the use of the terms show cave and tourist cave." Crane, Cave 186
adventure caving
  • "A number of show caves around the world have now extended their activities to include adventure caving in some form." Crane, Cave 195
  • "Norwest Adventures have been operating an adventure caving activity in this cave for several years." Carden, The Race through the cave 
amateur caver "Are the days gone when the amateur caver can still contribute substantially to the advancement of cave science?" Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 17
animal cave "Animal caves (Cryptae Brutales) are dens of lions, wolves, bears, snakes and dragons, among others." Kempe, Kircher 61
anti-caving "I was very nervous at the time, actually, that the producer would make a film that was very anti-caving." CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with Sid Perou 7
anti-solo caving concept "The anti-solo caving concempt has been carried to its logical conclusion in at least one instance where the managers concluded that if two are safer and better than one, then three, four or five must be increasingly better than two." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
arch cave
  • "In addition to rockshelters, boulder caves, tectonic caves and carbonate karst caves developed in marble and dolomitie four distinct types of caves, Tunnel Caves, Block Breakdown Caves, Arch Caves and Network Caves have been recognized in Proterozoic gneiss and Cambrian granite in Sri Lanka." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
  • "Arch caves are large chambers with a triangle shaped plan and cross-section, their shape and volume makes them ideal for use as temples and habitation sites." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 282
basalt cave Fingals Cave, the world's most famous basalt cave, is to be found on the island of Staffa in the Inner Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland." Mills, Fingals Cave 163
bat cave "Histoplasma capsulatum...It is found principally in dusty bat caves." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 23
bedding cave
  • "After 100 ft, one enters a very low wet bedding cave." Tratham, NW-Clare 17
  • "Roof solution, particularly up cross joints, is usually a prominent feature, and the passages commonly have a sub-circular cross section up to 8m in diameter unless influenced by the local geology where they may form high rifts or wide bedding caves." Waltham, North-West England 82
bedding plane cave
  • "Ogof Craig-A-Ffynnon...Beyond is 800ft of bedding plane cave and a long phreatic tunnel ending in a three dimenional maze of passages." Stratford, South Wales 21
  • "A heavy duty ladder eased in January 2015 to descend down into what looks like a closed depression which contains not only a lateral undercut or bedding plane cave but also coal workings." Gebauer, Lumshnong 15
block breakdown cave
  • "In addition to rockshelters, boulder caves, tectonic caves and carbonate karst caves developed in marble and dolomitie four distinct types of caves, Tunnel Caves, Block Breakdown Caves, Arch Caves and Network Caves have been recognized in Proterozoic gneiss and Cambrian granite in Sri Lanka." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
  • "Block breakdown caves are among the larger caves so far investigated in Sri Lanka. They consist of chambers produced by the structurally guided breakdowns of gneiss." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 281
boating cave "Another boating cave, called Two Source Cave (Shuan Yuan Dong) is on show in the same island, and there are many other caves in the area, both at lake level and higher up in the crags." Jennings, Karst in China 16
bona fide caver "I think that the attitude of the Parks here is wrong. One should never discourage bona fide cavers." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 18
bone cave
  • "Bacon Hole...An important bone cave which has produced the remains of a variety of animals icluding Straight-tusked Elephant." Stratford, South Wales 74
  • "Hain's papers on bone caves appeared in the Miscellanea of the Collegium Naturae Curiosum." Shaw, cave science 240
borderline cave
  • "An opening or recess in the earth which cannot be described as a 'void' - a rock shelter of cliff-side overhang - is not a cave, but if its darker pockets contain mineral formations typical of a "true cave", or provide habitat for organisms which populate caves, it may be described as a 'borderline cave.'" Crane, Cave 10
boulder cave
  • "It is thus quite likely that the boulder caves are used by the viper as well." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 59
  • "Although a good part of the references are from boulder caves, many of the geckos nevertheless depend on these cave habitats." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 60
  • "In addition to rockshelters, boulder caves, tectonic caves and carbonate karst caves developed in marble and dolomitie four distinct types of caves, Tunnel Caves, Block Breakdown Caves, Arch Caves and Network Caves have been recognized in Proterozoic gneiss and Cambrian granite in Sri Lanka." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
burial cave "According to Christian tradition, Jesus was entombed in a burial cave belonging to Joseph of Arimathea prior to his resurrection." Crane, Cave 147
carbon-dioxide cave "In fact, it's not - there are lots of carbon dioxide caves in the world." Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 8
cathedral cave
  • "The autumn trees, ravaged as they are, take on the flash of tattered flags kindling in the gloom of cool cathedral caves where gold letters on marbe pages describe death in battle and how bones bleech and burn far away in Indian sands." Woolfe, Virginia (1927): To the Lighthouse, London
cave
  • "Speleology is defined in the Oxford Dictionary as 'the scientific study of caves." Shaw, cave science 1
  • "Fingal's Cave...The cave has been the subject of numerous historical vistitation." Oldham, Scotland 54
  • "There are, so ar, no winter observations reported of this cave, yet it wuld seem to be one which would well repay the trouble." Balch, Glacières 8
  • "a permanently aphotic (lightless) subterranean space of natural origin; a natural hole in the ground, large enough for human entry." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 199
cave's ceiling "Primary skylights usually circle-shaped, located in the center of cave's ceiling." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 312
cave's content "The writing review, especially travel reports of the explorers, sailors and scientists indicate that with the years the caves' content was getting poorer as the artistic objects appeared to be a tasty morsel." Ciszewski, Easter Island 41
cave's ecosystem "A robust and diverse ecosystem thrives the cave. Abundant chemoautotrophic microbial colonies are ubiquitous and apparently act as the primary producers to the cave's ecosystem." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 13
cave's extentivness "He hoped to increase the Crystal Cave's value with an expedition that showed the cave's extentiveness." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 105
cave's exterior "In this painting we see Turner's 'grand vision of the landscape of the cave's experior, of Staffa's cliffs, of its sea and sky'." Crane, Cave 115
cave's fault "In the cave's vault there are holes through which the sky can be observed." Ciszewski, Easter Island 32
cave's food delivery service "Woodrats are an important part of the cave's food delivery service, they go above ground to eat fruit, nuts, seeds, leaves, and fungi and bring some of this food back in the cave." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 49
cave's food web "Microbial communities, such as the microbial veils that oxidize reduced forms of sulfur create a base of the cave's food web." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 18
cave's furnishings "Roggeven...Her described the observation on the cave's furnishings." Ciszewski, Easter Island 26
cave's geology "Hovey...Being a scientist, he extensively described the cave's geology and biology." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 197
cave's healing power "By January 1843, fifteen to twenty patients lived in the cave, waiting for the cave's healing powers to cure them." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  91
cave's hydrology "In addition to the cave's fascinating hydrology and atmosphere, Villa Luz has a diverse and robust biological community that appears to be largely dependent on the mineral-rich waters." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 13
cave's length "It has a total length of 54 m to be added to the cave's length." Kempe, Galapagos 156
cave's location "By omitting the first bit of survey, there was no exact evidence of the cave's location relative to the surface." Coons, Engle, In Morrisons's Footsteps, p 31
cave's magnificence "Yet, far from being the heroine of the photo, she is in fact only there in the distance to enhance the cave's magnificence and to give the scale." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 150
cave's name
  • "There are various suggestions for the origin of the cave's name." Oldham, Scotland 54
  • "The Isallos-kö Cave's name refers to the livestock function, it means "stone stable." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 151
  • "Rice Cave...The cave's name derives from the story of a defeated Emperor who retreated here to fight it out with his remaining men." Jennings, Karst in China 14
cave's reponse "Paradiese Ice Cave...But at least our studies have revealed something of the cave's response to cycles of snowfall und produced a base for future studies there." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 33
cave's roof "However, in these cases, these later flows are in part forming the cave's roof with the primary roof missing." Kempe, Galapagos 149
cave's shaft "The second cave's shaft is a little deeper." Ciszewski, Easter Island 32
cave's sink "They set up another camp, Palm Beach, beside a resurgence while they explored Beachcomber Cave and cut a track over to the mountain to the cave's probable sink on the eastern side." Eavis, Willis, Dodd, Cathay-Pacific Airways MULU 80, p 19
cave's spaciousness "Tall stalagmites, both slender and bulky, prevail and many pillars reach the roof, without disrupting too much the cave's spaciousness, which is its greatest virtue.." Jennings, Karst in China 14
cave's volume
  • "Barometric air measurements...indicate that less than 2% of the cave's volume is accounted for." Downey, Lechuguilla 21
  • "The caves large volume supports the probability that cave-forming sulphuric acid originated mainly by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide from petroleum in the surrounding rocks." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 426
cave's "workshops" "Alfred Metraux quotes the information written by Felipe Gonzalez (1970) about caves inhabited by the locals and caves-"workshops" wihich were producing bone or obsidian ware." Ciszewski, Easter Island 25
cave access "This is the problem that needs a solution instead of government control of cave access from outside the park." Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 13
cave accident "Hubert Kessler is the person who suffered the first registered cave accident in year 1921." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 54
cave action "Warning: This book contains cave action beyond crawling." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 180
cave-adapted "Perhaps most remarkable is the concentration of cave-adapted fish, which prompt two of the cave's alternative names, Cueva de la Sardina and Cueva de las Sardinas." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 15
cave adventure book "Chevalier's Subterranean Climbers is the best cave adventure book ever written." Watson, Red (1980): Speleologia The Zephyrus Press Experience p 33
cave air
  • "Evidence shows that cave air can reduce the severity of asthma for many people, but s the benefit worth the negative effect of radon?" O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 99
  • "In November 1842, Mammoth Cave owner Dr. John Croghan brougth 15 tubercolosis patients to the cave with the hope of curing the disease with the constant temperature and purity of the cave air."Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 108 
  • "Condensation corrosion occurs when cold air flows into caves and encounters the warmer wet cave air, or when hot wet air cools as it comes into contact with a cold surface." Ellis, Wombeyan 42
cave alternative name "Perhaps most remarkable is the concentration of cave-adapted fish, which prompt two of the cave's alternative names, Cueva de la Sardina and Cueva de las Sardinas." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 15
cave altitutude "In this case speleogenesis is mainly controlled by normal dissolution and erosion processes, and cave altitudes do not necessarily reflect sea levels." Angeli et al., Pleistozene Sea Level Changes 29
cave animal
  • "Even non-fiction books about cave animals other than bats are scarce." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 31
  • "Cave animals have been subject of study since the middle of the nineteenth century in Europe and China, although the formal discipline of biospeleology has existed only since the middle of the nineteenth century." Engel, Microbes 22
  • "On the other side of the argument Louis Agassiz (1851), a strong opponent of Lamarck and later of Darwin, used cave animals as evidence fo rthe special creation of species." Shaw, cave science 228
cave archeologist "British cave archeologist Edmund J. Mason explains his own attraction to searching out new territory underground in hias book Caves and Caving in Britain." Crane, Cave 66
cave archeology
  • "Interest in dark-zone cave archeology in the United States, which dates back to the late nineteenth century, accelerated in the latter half of the twentieth century with many significant discoveries." Crane, Cave 67
  • "Despite Boyd Dawkin's primary interest in cave archeology, the book contains a significant amount on other branches of cave study including speleogenesis and the growth of speleothems." Shaw, cave science 245
  • "One of the most controversal objects in the Hungarian cave archeology is also from the Baradla Cave." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 153
cave area
  • "The cappers' stand looked like general information booths for the whole cave area rather than for just a single cave or group of caves under one owner." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  113
  • "They supply written comments and oral testimony on wilderness plans and master plans for cave areas on government land." Tom Rea on 26
  • "It was by command of the Emperor Franz I that Nagel undertook his travels in the cave areas of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire." Shaw, cave science 29
cave art
  • "Cave art challenges the geological versus human binary opposition...cave art endures." Crane, Cave 108
    "cave owl" from grotte Chauvet, Ardèche, on a t-shirt, 2022
  • "The first cave art to be recognised as prehistoric consisted of pieces of carved bone." Shaw, cave science 227
  • "Prehistoric cave art is not limited to major caves." Galant, Another look 89
cave arthropod "During our cave survey in 2010, and to a lesser extent in 2011, we collected samples of cave arthropods in most caves visited." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 55
cave artist "Als John Canady explains, 'Where the natural rock is either convex or concave in form suggesting an animal's body or a portion of it, the cave artist frequently capitalized on this form as a beginning and adapted his drawing to its contours." Crane, Cave 109
cave art site "In North America cave are sites are spread across the western states, the Southwest, the Midwest and the south-eastern states." Crane, Cave 110
cave aspect "In northwestern Australia cave aspect is considered by Bednarik (1977) to be important in selection of sites." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 116
cave atmosphere
  • "Exposure to cave atmospheres and thereby to alpha-radiation in the Transvaal occurs on three levels." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 258
  • "Each day the water in the cave is pumped out, filtered and returned as mist to maintain humidity levels and the moist cave atmosphere." Crane, Cave 179
  • "Hydrogen sulfide concentration in the cave atmospheree fluctuate rapidly and often exceed U.S. government tolerance levels." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 13
cave attribute "Cloggs Cave in Buchan, Victoria, illustrates very well the skill of the Aborigines in appreciating cave attributes." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 116
cave-based "Very few of these sources have said anything much about earthquake magnitude estimates derive from cave-based investigations relying on such a 'reasonaly strong' or 'moderately strong' quakes." Spate, Did the earth move 
cave bat
  • "The earliest surveys of cave fauna from Wombeyan Caves were probably those in the late 1950s and 60s by scientists such as Elery Hamilton-Smith and Barbara Dew who were primarily studying cave bats." Ellis, Wombeyan 121
  • "Caves provide important food resources in some parts of the world such as...and cave bats in the highlands of New Guinea where protein sources are not plentiful." Jennings, Man and other animals 106
  • "Ofter the fear of a supernatural being withheld the people of the use of the cave, but the "supernatural" was often teh rhythmic drip of the stalactites, or the clattering of cave bats and owls." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 151
cave bear
  • "Long gone too are the fearsome cave bears that used to compete with prehistoric man for the shelter of the caves." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 323
  • "Kents Cavern...Animal remains include those of rhinoceros, wolf, cave lion, hyena, cave bear, baby mammoth and Irish elk." Oldham, Discovering Caves 21
cave bear bones "Esper who found them together with cave bear bones in Gailenreuth in 1771." Shaw, cave science 226
cave-bearing
  • "The water in the main conduits accounts, of course, for practically all the flow in the cave-bearing limestones, so normally the microfissure water-table can be ignored, except in terms of percolation flow into the main cave passages." Waltham, North-West England 81
  • "After limestone and gypsum, lava is the third most important cave-bearing rock." Kempe, Lava Caves 49
cave beast "The main character sees the worst possible result of wandering away from your tour at Mammoth Cave when he gets lost und meets a scary cave beast." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 185
cave beetle
  • "Crickets provide most of the guano eaten in Mammoth Cave, though critters also eat guano from cave beetles, bats, and woodrats." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 32
  • The southern troglobite fauna comprise those species already mentioned, and, in addition, the cave beetle Trechnoblemus micros (which has been found in Derbyshire, so could possibly be present in Yorkshire and Lancashire)." Waltham, North-West England 
cave biologist
  • "Troglobiont..this term is popular with cave biologists." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 31
  • "The five described and four undescribed species of Banksula are known only from caves in California's Mother Lode Region of the Sierra Nevada and are of some evolutionary and ecological interest to cave biologists, arachnologists, and zoogeographers, as are all troglobites." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 38
cave bone
  • "Important collections of cave bones were also formed in the 18th and 19th century." Shaw, cave science 241
  • "Many extinct taxa have been erected on the basis of cave bones." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 120
cave bone deposit "Marsupials must go back even farther than the limit to which non-cave finds at present take them, namely the Oligocenne-Eocene boundary, so Australian speleologists have reason to be on the alert for cave bone depositis of ancient aspect." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 123
cave book
  • "It is not easy to publish cave books." Watson, Red (1980): Speleologia The Zephyrus Press Experience, p 32
  • "And if it were not for a captive audience of cavers who buy cave books, we would be bankrupt." Watson, Red (1980): Speleologia The Zephyrus Press Experience, p 32
cave branch
  • "The field survey and the mapping was started at the main entrance, the separation of the spatial units is based on the natural demarcation of the cave branches." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 151
  • "The hemispherical, well burned, incised and incrusted fine pottery is the last occurrence of any archeological artefact in the cave branch, which can indicate both secular and ritual function." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 151
cave branching "Cave branching and flooring happened from simple to complex." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 307
cave breakdown "The main cave fill..includes much breccia from cave breakdown....there are also many beds of gravel, sandy clay and flowstone, several of them rich in bone, including skulls and other bones of Peking Man, tools and hearth ash." Jennings, Karst in China 8
cave breathing "In case you wandered why..cave breathing..The movement of air in and out of a cave entrance. May occur on a daily cycle. The associated air currents within the cave. NZSS Tome Times, No. 164, December 2004
cave breeze "Most of the time, the fog is a more transient thing, a mist rising and blowing by, in a vague pattern related to your breathing and the cave breeze." Williams, Cave Photography 35
cave 'bug' "The idea of defending cave 'bugs' must have seemed unattractive." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 39
cave  burial
  • "The cave burials indicate that the bodies wrapped up in mats were at first exposed to the "mumifying" action of the atmospheric conditions and then brought into the caves." Ciszewski, Easter Island 44
  • "The Veddah practise cave burial and Veddah religion is described as a cult of the dead with shamans as its principle agents." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 13
  • "Most cave burials are secondary interments, again less interesting than primary." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 110
cave calcite "It used to be thought that the brown colouration of cave calcite was due to iron, but this has been shown to be incorrect: the colour is mainly organic." Ellis, Wombeyan 73
cave camera
  • "If you are buying a cave camera, consider an old Nikon or Nikormat with a busted meter." Brucker, cave photography 282
  • "Compact rangefinders are moderately priced and make a good second cave camera for those who use an SLR under normal caving conditions." Williams, Cave photography 35
cave care "It was obvious that all concerned with the cave care for it greatly, and are very protective of it - which is excellent." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
cave cartographer "Ghosh explains tht 'People open the book accoding to their taste and training, their memories and desires. for a geologist the compilation opens at one page, for a biologist another, and still another for an archaeologist, a cave cartographer and so on." Crane, Cave 36
cave catalogue "In 1896 W.S.Blatchley, the Director of this Survey, published his 91-page Indiana Caves and their Fauna, a forerunner of the many regional cave catalogues issued by the state surveys of the present day." Shaw, cave science 243
cave ceiling
  • "The large fallen blocks in the bottom of the Opera House and the Cathedral have fallen from the cave ceiling before they were filed with sediment and planed flat by paragenesis." Ellis, Wombeyan 67
  • "The cave ceilings are studded with fascinating paintings of lotus flowers in full bloom - all dating back to the Kandyan period of time." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 27
  • "The water is unable to 'hold' the dissolved particles of limestone, and they are deposited on the cave ceiling in the form of stalactites and on the cave floor in the form of stalagmites or sometimes down the walls as sheets and curtains." Oldham, Discovering Caves 5
cave centipede "Top predators are the large huntsman spiders of the genus Heteropoda and the long-legged cave centipedes." Steiner, in: Laumanns, Ninh Binh 102
cave chamber
  • "On a hot summer night with insects singing from the street trees, Szabolcs and I slipped through a gap in a heavy steel gate, unlocked a door set into bedrock, followed a tunnel that had been blasted into the limestone, and emerged in a flooded cave chamber below the city." McFarland, Underland 199
  • "A west facing, 16 m wide cave entrance, about 10 m above the stream, gives access to a first, about 21 or 24 m long and 6 m high cave chamber, which extends, getting lower and past a bend, into a second chamber which ends in a rift too narrow to enter." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 37
  • "Krem Quarry u Theh....The draughting upper level lead southwards...and continues as a narrow canyon which meanders all the way to the St. Peter's Dome, in this case a cave chamber with a pool on the ground." Gebauer, Lumshnong 122
cave check point
  • "ARWC would provide Norwest and DOC with locations of teams on Stages 10 (trek); Stage 11 (mountain bike) and expected arrival time at cave check point." Carden, The Race
  • "ARWC staff at hte cave check-in point were to assess competitor awareness levels and decide if they could proceed or if they should rest. (One team was told to rest)." Carden, The Race
cave chemistry "The chairman of my department was far-sighted and encouraged me to take up cave chemistry as part of my University research programme." Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 8
cave church
  • "Today the cave church of San Giovanni d'Antro, which was completely restored in the fifteenth century, clings to a mountainside in the Julian Alps, partly constructed externally, and partly built into the cave." Crane, Cave 153
  • "Bolshie Bivy...This complex consists of a cave church." Gunko. Artificial caves in chalk 461
  • "Malie Divy...At the bottom of the southern, are windows and entrance to the cave church of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist." Gunko. Artificial caves in chalk 462
cave climate
  • "One photograph (Lindenmayr F 2015.01.09 cave4-8.JPG) shows threads of larval fungus gnats which tend to indicate a constantly moist cave climate throughout the year and thereby either a lack of airflow or, in cases, an air current fed by relatively extensive cave passages." Gebauer, Lumshnong 12
  • "Sasvari & Terek appear to dedicate a paragraph (in Czech) to aspects of cave climate and cave fauna mentioning, as far as I can see, recent bat guano, Prynicus lunatus, Orthoptera, Opilionidae and Diptera." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 143
  • "The irregular arrangement, the dry cave climate and the great number of stake holes contradict the theory." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 152
cave collection "Microliths are rare in cave collections, though a few have been found in Jubilee Cave, 300m north of Victoria Cave." Waltham, NW-England 188
cave committee "Whilst we appreciate the significance of names like Darwin on the cave committees, and men like McKenny Hughes, Arthur Lyell, Adam Sedgwick and R.H. Tiddeman joining together to excavate, a rock shelter at Cave Ha on Buckhaw Brow, their insight into the problems of Pleistocene geology war far greater than into those converning archeology." Waltham, NW-England 183
cave community
  • "The cave cricket, an important member of the cave community." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 42
  • "These species and their remnants can provide a source of food for cave communities." Ellis, Wombeyan 121 12
  • "The idea of transplanting an entire cave community to a mine is questionable, but it is perhaps better than transplanting to another cave, at least in this particular situation." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 39
cave complex
  • "Galapitagala Cave...They remain today the only accurate maps of the monastery and cave complexes." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 65
  • "Boshie Divy...The most famous among them is that at the base of which is the entrance to the two-level cave complex." Gunko. Artificial caves in chalk 461
cave connection "The cave connection to health goes back a long time." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 96
cave conservation
  • "cave conservation: There are conservationsists and preservationsits." Tom Rea on, 26
  • "We have published some handout brochures about caving courtesy and about cave conservation that emphasize the owners' rights and desires." Tom Rea on, 26
  • "Cave conservation can be best summed up as "The best possible uns of our existing caves." Oldham, Scotland x
cave continuation "This is what we had all been hoping for - a dry cave continuation of unknown length, and of course somewhere where the cumbersome diving gear could be dumped while exploring." Lewis, Nullabor Plain 9
cave coral "The walls and speleothems are covered in cave coral that have included in their structure bluegreen and pink cyanobacteria." Ellis, Wombeyan 51
cave country "High-tech methods are used in cave-country to find voids that could influence where to build heavy structures." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 108
cave crayfish "This ability makes it possible for cave crayfish to be in any aquatic community in the cave, from rimstone pools at upper levels to the lowest base-level streams." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 36
cave cricket
  • "Trogloxenes, such as bats, wood rats, and cave crickets, leave the cave at night to eat at the surface smorgasbord of plants, fungi, prey, and carrion." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 32
  • "Some of the organisms that live in caves and aquifer are able to move freely in and out of cave (e.g. trogloxenes, such as bats and cave crickets), whereas other organisms are more likely to be dependent on transport or translocation to move them into or throughout a cave." Engel, Microbes 22
  • "Trogloxenes...Included in this group are bats that roost and breed in caves, as well as cave crickets." Ellis, Wombeyan
cave critter "It's time to bring cave critters out of the dark." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 31 
cave crustacea "Pitnam did not believe that the blindness and tactile acuteness of cave crustacea were the result of adaptation of surface species." Shaw, cave science 228
cave curtain "Below the Temple Cave is the Dark Cave, the largest of the Batu Caves, a 2-km network of caverns containing elaborate formations such as cave curtains, flow stones, cave pearls and scallops; it, too, is open to the public." Crane, Cave 156
cave custodian "Prior to 1980, divers had been denied access to the system following difficulty with the cave custodian; only after ten years was the matter resolved resulting in a totally new team of divers having to re-explore the limited work of the previous generation." Murland, Cave Diving in Northern Debyshire, UK, p 33
cave dark zone "George Crothers, P. Willey and Patty Jo Watson remind us, 'no ancient people ever actually inhabited cave dark zones', though they did use them 'as storage locales, depositories for the dead of places to contact the spirit world." Crane, Cave 149
cave database "Cave databases listed caves that were clearly small fragments of a larger relict drainage system as distinct, separate caves." Crane, Cave 38
cave decoration
  • "When cave decorations are added to a marble background the display is magnificent." Ellis, Wombeyan 40
  • "There is a good deal of cave decoration, mostly inactive but still attractive." Jennings, Karst in China 10
  • "However, the guides' commentaries (in translation at least) included little scientific explanation and were mainly devoted to the usual likening of the cave decorations to all sorts of objects, animate and inanimate, often exhibiting a pleasant imagination but of no educational value." Jennings, Karst in China 10
cave-dependence "Guano-dependence is a separate issue to cave-dependance, however there are species tht are restricted to guano deposits and caves." Ellis, Wombeyan 125
cave-dependent "Troglobites and stygobites are collectively described as cave-dependent fauna." Ellis, Wombeyan 121
cave deposit
  • "Cave deposits are a history book for the ice ages." Crane, Cave 36
  • "From the 1900s-1940s, many cave deposits were considered to have a microbiological origin, even if researchers could not prove it until more recently, including cave nitrate (saltpeter or saltpetre) deposits, carbonate moonmilk, and other speleothems." Engel, Microbes 23
  • "The guano piles are a major source of the element posphorous in cave deposits." Ellis, Wombeyan 65
cave depth "While traces of prehistoric journeys into cave depths can only tell us partial stories, the distinctive experience of 'being-in-a-cave' suggests that Stone Age cave visitors had something in common with today's explorers." Crane, Cave 69
cave description
  • "In both scientific and non-scientific language, the lexicon of cave description is fundamentally dependent on the vocabulary of human life on the surface," Crane, Cave 10
  • "Another way in which information about caves was promulgated was in the form of compilations of cave descriptions for particular regions." Shaw, cave science 245
  • "Like calcareospeleology, vulcanospeleology arose out of an unsystematic array of disparate observations, isolated cave descriptions, and scattered, more or less scietific reports." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 172
cave development
  • "However, we still are far from understanding cave development associated with flowing lava in all its facets." Kempe, Galapagos 144
  • "In Wonder Cave we had an indication of the vast scale of cave development in Hidden Valley, but hard caving at 33° for 14 hours was no joke and the Hidden Valley camp was hard to supply, so logistics dictated that we concentrate our efforts in the more accessible caves borderung the Melinau flood plain." Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1979): The Underworld of Mulu, part 2, Caving International Magazine 2, p 5
  • "Modern cave development attempts to leave much of the natural cave surfaces untouched, for example, by suspending walkways." Ellis, Wombeyan 41
cave diameter
  • "David Gillieson, an expert in the conservation and management of caves and karst, suggests that the rule of human entry implies a minimum cave diameter of 0.3 m, while one character in Robert Penn Warren's novel THE CAVE (1959) jokes that 'a cave is no place for a fat man'." Crane, Cave 12
cave digger "Bolshie Divy..So far as there was no opportunity to built a fire inside the room where there was no natural draft, cave diggers were forced to construct the chimney channel." Gunko. Artificial caves in chalk 462
cave dimension
  • "Kukla recorded one cave dimension of  55 m" Gebauer, Sri Lanka 36
cave discovery
  • "The presence of military garrisons provided opportunities for local exploration in certain districts and they were responsible for some cave discoveries in Australia and Gibraltar." Shaw, cave science 60
  • "Apart from Wudalianchi, whose lava  fields are quite well investigated, many of the other volcanic fields hold the possibilities of new cave discoveries." Wood, Zhang, Volcanic Centers China 128
cave distribution "Objectives of the cave surveying is to know the lava tube cave distribution, each direction relative to the eruption point (crater) by measuring the lava tube cave position and length in the KVG area and to know the structure of each lava tube cave by measuring the height, width, slope anlge and oberserving the inner structure of wall, ceiling and floor." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 301
cave dive
  • "Beyond the 300-metre mark of the sump no silt is deposited, and Cocklebiddy treats us again to the brillant visibility and while walls of other Nullarbor cave dives." Lewis, Nullabor Plain 9
  • "Kaukako Crater...The lake is anaerobic below 4 m of depth and was dived by M. and S. Garman to a depth of 140 m, possibly one of the deepest4 cave dives in anoxic waters."  Kempe, Lava Caves 54
cave diver
  • "Sheck Exley - regarded by his peers as one of the greatest cave divers ever, and in 1994, the year of his death, the holder of the record for the deepet dive - summoned up the lure of cave diving in autobiography, Caverns Measureless to Man." Crane, Cave 89
  • "In Cameron's film the curmudgeonly veteran cave diver Frank McGuire recites the poem to himself and later to his son in moments of awe or desperation." Crane, Cave 127
  • "Tough luck for cavers, but a real bonanza for cave divers." Lewis, The Nullabor Plain 4
cave diving "While such statements are common in tales of cave exploration, they are ubiquitous in accounts of cave diving - unquestionalbly the most dangerous way to explore the earth's wild places." Crane, Cave 85
cave diving accident "AA CAVE...A small cave entrance submerged in the water of a stream is the site of an early (before 1840) and fatal cave diving accident." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 18
cave diving discovery "The limestones of Northern Derbyshire lie at the southern end of the Pennines, and although overshadowed by the Yorkshire Dales to the north and to some extent by the Mendip Hills and Wales to the south, the area has some fine caves and a great potential for cave diving discoveries." Murland, Cave Diving in Northern Debyshire, UK, p 33
cave-diving expedition
  • "A series of ambitious cave-diving expeditions in the last eight years have discovered sumps of enormous size, length and clarity, in several caves." Lewis, Nullabor Plain 3
  • "Anon. (1998) briefly reports on the latest cave diving expeditions and resumes on a depth of 548 m." Laumanns, Lebanon 120
  • "A series of ambitious cave-diving expeditions in the last eight years have discovered sumps of enormous size, length and clarity, in several caves." Lewis, The Nullabor Plain 3
cavediving exploration "Systematic cavediving explorations of Bue Marino by Czech speleodivers began in 1989." Hutnan, Grotta del Bue Marino - Sardinia 98
cave diving record "The current world cave-diving record is held by Australians in Cocklebiddy Cave - 2,000 metres along a single straight tunnel with no end yet in sight." Lewis, Nullabor Plain 3
cave diving team "Two members of a cave-diving team, Wes Skiles and Agnes Milkowka, who in 2008 ventured into the 'scientific trove' of the blue hole of the Bahamas on a research expedition funded by National Geographic, have since died in diving accidents." Crane, Cave 87
cave dog "No robots, no cave dogs - just you, your gear, and your fellow cavers." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 101
cave dragon "The good lady at the restaurant acts the part of the old-fashioned cave dragon, and he had to appease her by handing over four sous as a preliminary to exploration." Balch, Glacières 10
cave drawing "The cave drawings encountered in the lowland Dry Zone are ascribable to the Vaddas in historical times, as indeed has been attested by the Seligmanns (1911) who watched Vadda women execute these semi-symbols compositions simply to while away their leisure." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 13
cave drip "Two caves have been chosen as study sites due to ease of access to acitve cave drips and the presence of broken fossil stalagmites." Ellis, Wombeyan 77
cave dripline "Water was collected from cave driplines in the Laura caves in Cape York Peninsula during the wet season." Jennings, Man and other animals 105
cave dripwater "This illustrates the large storage capacity of the bedrock, and the importance of matrix flow paths in the maintenance of cave dripwater discharge and, in turn, the precipitation of calcite, during dry spells." Ellis, Wombeyan 80
cave dweller
  • "Learning to empathize with the life of this most iconic of cave-dwellers requires going 'down on your elbows and knees', for which 'You'll need a speleologist's desire for rebirth..." Crane, Cave 42
  • "Troglobite..a permanent cave dweller." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 31
  • "The paintings in the numerous Bhimbetka rock shelters in India's Madhya Pradesh state, ...depict scenes from the lives of the cave-dwellers,  as well as animals including bison." Crane, Cave 110
cave dwelling
  • "Araiteuru is a cave-dwelling taniwha associated with the Hokianga harbour." Crane, Cave 105
  • "Ceylon Traveller applies the expression "cave dwelling" as a descriptive term which clearly explains for what these inhabitable caves and rock shelters had been (or still are) used but the nature of these 'cave dwellings' remains obscure." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 13
  • "A great diversity of cave-dwelling geckos has been described from Vietnam in the recent years, including Cyrotodactylus cucphuongensis from Cuc Phuong National Park." Steiner, in: Laumanns, Ninh Binh 102
cave earwigs "Deer Cave...The alternative route is up over guano-covered, very exposed ledges crawling with cave earwigs, followed by a scramble through pinnacles down to the beach." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, 3
cave ecology
  • "Whether or not they have commercial significance, they are an integral part of the cave ecology." Ellis, Wombeyan 134
  • "There is clearly still a lot of research to be done on the cave fauna and cave ecology of Southern Vietnam." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 54
cave ecosystem
  • "However, there is still much to be learned about obligate cave fauna, nutrient cycling, and cave ecosystems dynamics." Engel, Microbes 22
  • "Camps are especially hard on the cave ecosystems." Sprouse, Peter (1980): Viewpoint p 7
  • "I found that McLean's contains at least 35 species (mostly arthropods), making it perhaps the most diverse cave ecosystem in California." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 38
cave employee "Cave employee by day, pro-wrestling fan by night, Johnny Merideth saw a man he thought looked like wrestler Jim Cornette at the visitor center bookstore around 2010." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 206
cave enlargement
  • "Gardner improved the vadose school of theories by postulating early phreatic opening of the caves by static water, and then the tapping of this water followed by major vadose cave enlargement." Waltham, North-West England 80
  • "There appears to have been only a single phase of cave enlargement, followed by draining and calcite deposition that continues today." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 6
  • "Subsequent dryness will have almost halted cave enlargement by solution."  Jennings, Karst in China 16
cave ensemble "A detailed 68 page annex to the UNESCO application describing the karst and cave ensemble was also produced by VIGMR." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 10
cave entrance
  • "The cave entrance led via a squeeze through a bould ruckle into a narrow, vertical shaft forty-five feet deep, which was aptly name the Letter-box." Eyre, Cave Explorers 7
  • "Either near the cave entrance or in its vicinity there was a stone earth oven called umu pae." Ciszewski, Easter Island 26
  • "The absence of light and plants beyond cave entrances makes for just these few dining options." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 32
    Main entrance Mammoth Cave
cave entrance location "Which is why cave entrance locations need to be kept in-house for those that appreciate caves, understand how irreparable any human damage can be and know how to cave carefully." NZSS Tome Times, No. 184, December 2004
cave environment
  • "They use the cave as suitable for clandestine activity, to be carried out not so much from eyes but above all from prying noses. in fact, the cave environment, thanks to the very high humidity level, breaks dowon any possible perfume deriving from the distilllation activity, thus making it impossible to identify the clandestine distillery." Garberi, Forti, USI Impropri (?) 100
  • "The commercial history of Jenolan Caves dates back to the 1861 visit of the local politician John Lucas (who did much to ensure the preservation of the fragile cave environment, and after whom the Lucas Cave is namen.)". Crane, Cave 163
  • "Apart from being an eyesore, various types of litter can poison the cave environment for the many microscopic animals who have made the cave their home." Oldham, Scotland x
cave episode "By far the most famous cave episode in American literature is found in Mark Twain's The Adventure of Tom Sawyer." Crane, Cave 140
cave erosion "A variation on this theme suggested that the main cave erosion was by the invasion of surface streams." Waltham, North-West England 80
cave event "It was agreed that if the weather deteriorated, an accident occurred or people not associated with the event were in the cave the cave event would be cancelled." Carden, The Race
cave evolution "Current studies try to document the cave evolution." Verheyden, Speleothem science 58
cave excavation
  • "Unfortunately the confidence, the muscle and the piece-work payments of the railway companies were employed in the early cave excavations." Waltham, North-West England 182
  • "Cave excavations have furnished the bulk of the evidence whereby the course of Aboriginal stone technology has been reconstructed." Jennings, Man and other animals 93
cave exit
  • "600+ metres of tape laid from the bottom of hte HiHi abseil through to the cave exit." Carden, The Race
  • "The running tape was laid on left hand side of cave from the start of the main streamway to the cave exit." Carden, The Race
cave experience
  • "The cave, especially Star Chamber, apparently impressed Emerson because ten years later he described his cave experience at the beginning of his essag "Illusions": But I then took notice, and still chiefly remember, that the best thing which the cave had to offer was an illusion." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  200
  • "As a last question, what stands out as your most memorable caving experience.?" Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 19
cave expert
  • "Lazaro Pakarati..He is regarded as a cave expert." Ciszewski, Easter Island 47
  • "It is remarkable, for instance, how many of the specialist terms in a cave expert's glossary appeared between 1880 and 1920 - from words to describe surface karstic terrain (doline, karren) to names for solution formations (helictite, frostwork)." Crane, Cave 33
  • "The limestone caves from Nho Quan district in the extreme northwest in Ninh Binh province were also visited by foreign cave experts in the past." "Nevertheless, the topographical maps show an abundance of cave signatures, even with cave names displayed, with many of thoses caves not visited yet." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 10
cave exploit "They were about to explore Peg Leg Pot, a cave discovered by a well-known northern caver, Dick Hilton, a member of the NPC noted for his caving exploits, which he achieved with an artificial leg, having left the original in Italy." Eyre, Cave Explorers 46
cave exploration
  • "Cave exploration remains one of the last pursuits in the world wheere the participant can find breath-taking sights no one has seen before." Eyre, Cave Explorers VIII
  • "In spite of prohibition the Spaniards began the cave exploration and went into two of the caves in Roiho und Poike regions." Ciszewski, Easter Island 53
  • "Dawkins traces the history of European cave exploration to insist that by 1874 it was'impossible to shut our eyes to the continuity the exists between geology, archaeology,biology, and history - sciences which at first sight appear isolated from each other." Crane, Cave 31
cave explorer
  • "In 2005 three horror films depicted cave explorers trapped underground and hunted by monstrous predators." Crane, Cave 13
  • "Does it go? This is the question that hooks the cave explorer and drives his/her curiosity towards an answer." Crane, Cave 79
  • "He wore a long black frock coat and black trousers, thin boots and a linen shirt, certainly not hte ideal outfit for a cave explorer." Balch, Glacières 3
cave exploring
  • "Formal, coordinated networks of scientists and explorers who shared a passion for caves began to emerge in the 1880s with the establishment of cave-exploring societies, across Europe." Crame, Cave 32
  • "The fact that some people turned to cave exploring in particular may have been a matter of chance in some cases, but cave work would tend to appeal particularly in those whose sense of curiosity was strongly developed." Shaw, cave science 246
  • "I jokingly say misfortune because with my advent into cave science my time for cave exploring was reduced." Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 8
cave exploring society "Conferences devoted entirely to the history of cave studies include one at Vienna in 1979 to mark the formation of the earliest cave exploring society one hundred years before." Shaw, cave science 4
cave fauna
(fauna of the cave)
  • "But in cave fauna we find the process reversed: the complex forms are reverting to those that are more simple." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 108
  • "However, there is still much to be learned about obligate cave fauna, nutrient cycling, and cave ecosystems dynamics." Engel, Microbes 22
  • "The rare cave fauna need undisturbed environments for survival just as the speleothems need uncontaminated evironments to appear as they do." Ellis, Wombeyan 41
cave fear "The tale takes advantage of three common cave fears - being caught in total darkness, getting lost, and coming across dangerous animals that lurk in the dark." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 185
cave feature
  • Basically, corrosion due to condensation on cave walls is the result of a physio-chemical process that affects specific parts and sections of galleries depending both on the local aerology and on the cave features." Dandurand, Speleogenesis 49
  • "The accuracy of the surveys has been tested repeatedly by finding surface feastures at the correct spot indicated by the cave features below." Tratman, NW-Clare 31
  • "Pisarowicz's thoughts were that he had never seen similar cave features (sulfur, moonmilk-like stalactites (later dubbed snotties), ubiquitous gypsum crystals) in over 20 years of caving and that withour photo documentation few people would believe the things that they had seen." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 14
cave fiction "In 1895 and 1898 Haig added a notable scientific account followed by a not-so-notable bit of cave fiction (Middleton, 1997)." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 173
cave figuration "Grotte aux Points..where, in 1993, E. Deschamps, J.-M Chauvet and Ch Hilaire identified cave figurations, a few tracings suggesting animal silhouettes, large signs and, above all, concentrations of ochre dots associated with wall shapes." Galant, Another look 89
cave fill
  • "Since fossiliferous cave fills have been cut across in quarries which are as old as Devonian (near Davenport, Tasmania), and since the geomorphic histories of cave areas are now being interpreted to imply that unfilled and unexhumed caves are as old as Paleogene at Bungonia Caves, New South Wales, it is likely that mammal bones will be found in much older deposits than they have so far." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 123
  • "The main cave fill..includes much breccia from cave breakdown....there are also many beds of gravel, sandy clay and flowstone, several of them rich in bone, including skulls and other bones of Peking Man, tools and hearth ash." Jennings, Karst in China 8
cave film-maker "Sid Perou ist certainly the best known cave film-maker in the U.K. and is now gathering international acclaim for his caving films." CIM Interview with Sid Perou 7
cave find
  • "Collections were built up by many societies, field clubs and individuals, but regrettably many have been lost or destroyed and at the present time numerous cave finds have to be exhibited without provenance." Waltham, NW-England 183
  • "Various claims for the extension of the ranges of living species have been made from cave finds, e.G. Lundelius (1957):" Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 122
  • "The basic reason for the commotion is simple - Lechuguilla is certainly one of the greatest cave finds of this century, and represents an incredible storehouse of exotic, rare or unique speleothems set in a huge complex that has seemingly infinite leads." Downey, Lechuguilla 21
cave fish
  • "The five-inch-long northern cave fish lives in the generally calm waters of base-level rivers." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 32
  • "Eigenmann..He had worked on the blind cave fish Amblyopsis spelaeus in the 1890s, and for several years after 1900 specimens were kept in tanks in his department." Shaw, cave science 242
  • "It is somewhat surprising for a country with abundant karst areas and large river caves, that only a single cave fish is described, from a cave in northern Vietnam." "Although a good part of the references are from boulder caves, many of the geckos nevertheless depend on these cave habitats." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 60
cave fish population "It was apparently prompted by an interpretation that the cave's unique fish population was a special gift from the Zoque gods, who inhabit the underground." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 18
cave floor
  • "There are many loose rocks and loose broken speleothems on the cave floor." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 16
  • "Once past the pools, the cave floor fell away at a forty-five degree angle over smooth deposits of flowstone an deep gour pools, and the passage widened into a huge rift." Eyre, Cave Explorers 83
  • "The cave floor beneath roosting colonies of bats is covered by deposits of their guano and urine, as well as discarded prey and bat carcasses." Ellis, Wombeyan 124
    C7, Dak Nong, Vietnam
cave flora "The characteristics of cave flora are altogether different to those of the specialised fauna." Shaw, cave science 228
C6, Dak Nong, Vietnam
cave form "..it offered an opportunity of relating cave forms and structures with the previously observed volcanic processes." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 5
cave formation
  • "On the coast in the region of Mataveri o tai there are the best known and most frequented cave formations." Ciszewski, Easter Island 37
  • Until the early decades of the twentieth century, geologists, archaeologists and other scientists who ventured underground did not share a specialized vocabulary with which to describe caves in rich detail, advance their theories about cave formation or classify the life forms they discovered in the damp and the dark." Crane, Cave 33
  • "In Europe, taking powdered cave formations medicinally faded out in the 1700s." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  96
    Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, USA Paradise Cave, Phong Nha, Vietnam
cave formartion mechanism Each formation in a lave cave reflects information on the cave formation mechanism, lava flow episode und rate, lave physio-chemical and hydrodynamic properties." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 307
cave-forming
  • "The caves large volume supports the probability that cave-forming sulphuric acid originated mainly by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide from petroleum in the surrounding rocks." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 427
  • "However, except for the obvious fact that the cave-forming water flowed slowly, the hydrology remains ambiguous." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 427
  • "Of interest to the caver are the great cave-forming properties of pahoehoe." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 4
cave fossil "Nevertheless there can be no doubt about some of these extensions to modern animal distributions by cave fossils." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 122
cave-frequenting "The carnivores amongst these cave-frequenting animals are more important in the matter under consideration for the bones of their prey, which they leave in quantities in the caves they occupy as dens or lairs." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 121
cave furniture "In the past the walls and floors of caves have been damaged by the passage of visitors and my the installation of cave furniture and lights." Ellis, Wombeyan 41
cave future "Given the obvious commitment of both the cave's operators and staff, and their enthusiasm, I am sure the cave future's is bright." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
cave gazetteer "The lengthy geographical list of bone caves forms one of the mearliest significant cave gazetteers, but it does contain some careless factual errors." Shaw, cave science 244
cave gear
  • "In addition to basic cave gear needed for any cave trip (boots, helmet, light, first aid pack), explorers need survey instruments." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 107
cave genesis "This led me to what has become a compulsive interest in cave morphology and cave genesis." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 15
cave geology "In recounting the legend of Pool the robber Hobbes appears to offer an implicit rejection of the approbation of cave geology by mythology and folklore." Crane, Cave 95
cave geomorphology
  • "North-west Country Clare deserves to become a classical area for the study of caves, for the combination of geological simplicity and the youthfulness of the caves provides almost the simplest imaginable cave geommorphology." Tratman, NW-Clare 59
  • "This account of the cave geomorphology reviews all schools of thought and emphasises the views which are widely held, or conclusively proved." Waltham, North-West England 82
cave god "Hijau Lubang...Once more the cave god smiled, however, and provided a road along a wide ledge for 45 meters acoross the walls of the pit." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, S. 5
cave group "Another very early cave group was the Section Küstenland des Deutschen und Österreichischen Alpenvereins." Shaw, cave science 247
cave guide
  • "Working as a cave guide for twenty-plus years, I have encountered many of fascinating topics." O'Connor Olsen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 15
  • "The cave guide is exposed to similar conditions for lengthy periods and usually has additional limited exposure to conditions more severe in terms of accessibility and inhalation." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 258
  • "The first official cave guide is believed to have been Hans-Jürgen Becker, who conducted tours of Baumann's Cave in Germany from 1668, while trained cave guides were employed at the 
    Ojcow caves in Poland from around 1810." Crane, Cave 160
cave guidebook "John Hutton's A Tour to the Caves, in the environs of Ingleborough and Settle, in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, published in 1780, is one of the earliest cave guidebooks." Crane, Cave 160
cave habitat
  • "The cave habitat is divided into three major zones based on light intensity, entrance, twilight, and dark zone." Engel, Microbes 22
  • "However, Smith also provided important first-hand observations of invertebrate communities associated with different cave habitats." Ellis, Wombeyan 121
  • "Although a good part of the references are from boulder caves, many of the geckos nevertheless depend on these cave habitats." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 60
cave harvestman "By this time it was generally recognised that B. grahami was not in danger, it being the most common cave harvestman in the area." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 39
cave hill "AA Cave (Lindenmayr) 02 The direction to the cave entrance is left (without orientation) of the cave hill and very easy to find because it is in an unspecified spatial relation "close to" what had been on 13th January 2015 an unspecified "the normal way" to Krem Liat Hati." 
cave history
  • "Scallops...Their ability to show both flow speed and direction makes scallops an extremely useful tool in reconstructiong cave history." Ellis, Wombeyan 67
  • "They provide information on the cave history as well as on its human occupation." Verheyden Speleothem science 58
cave house "Two of the six figurines illustrate dwellings carved out of underground cavities. the village of Cliff-Dwellers in Colorado and cave houses in the Sierra del Guadix, in Almeria (Spain). Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 105
cave hunter
  • Dawkins presents the 'cave-hunter' as a figure of an advanced intellectual age in which scientists could work unhindered by pagan superstitions or religious dogma." Crane, Cave 31
cave hunting
  • "Dawkins describes a 'new science of cave-hunting' comprised of two integrated divisions of study - the physical and the biological." Crane, Cave 29
  • "Victoria Cave was not the first cave in the study area to attract the antiquarian, for some of the north Lanshire caves had been mentioned in this context by West in 1774, but it was the news of the finds from this cave in 1839 that seems to have triggered off the widespread cave hunting of the 1840s and 1850s." Waltham, NW-England 183
cave hydrology
  • "Karst is the root word in a whole suite of specialist terms in cave hydrology and geology, from pseudokarst for landscapes analogous to karst but formed by non-dissolutional processes, to epikarst for the highly porous uppermost zone of soluble rock, and paleokarst for ancient kast features dating from an earlier period of karstification." Crane, Cave 27
cave image
  • "As Michael Ray Taylor succinctly puts it, 'Cave images and anecdotes permeate world mythology." Crane, Cave 90
  • "For decades they have been producing world class cave images with an elegant marriage of artistic sensitivity and painstaking technique." Crochet, Guiraud, Symponie 7
cave imaginery
  • "Such employement of cave imaginery to cue emotional and intellectual responses is one aspect of the 'complex negations of nature and culture', which reveals that the long history of human engagement with the natural world has shaped our view of ourselves." Crane, Cave 15
cave-in
  • "It is not the place for sponsored walks, cave-ins, or sit-ins." Oldham, Scotland xi
  • "While the arch structure of the snowtubes has great strength, massive cave-ins can occur at wide exits at the edge of the snowfield and whereever surface melting has made the ceiling thin." Carroll, The Snowtube Challenge 329
cave infrastructure "Yes, improvements can definitely be made both in cave infrastructure and interpretation, and hopefully they'll come over time." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
cave inhabitant "On the second stage, when the number of cave inhabitants increased, cave churches began to appear (documented in the first half of the XVII century)." Gunko. Artificial caves in chalk 466
cave inscription
  • "They say similar cave inscriptions had been so far discovered in alauwa, Ambilikanda and Mawanella." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 29
  • "The French group left cave inscriptions at three locations, which marked the reached positions." Hutnan, Grotta del Bue Marino - Sardinia 98
cave interest "Despite the cave interests of several 19th century arvhaoeloogical and natural history societies, none of them developed into a club concerned with the broad aspects of cave study and exploration." Shaw, cave science 246
cave interior
  • "It appears that Englert explored the cave interior." Ciszewski, Easter Island 31
cave interpretation "Maori Leap Cave...The surface infrastructure consists of a restaurant/shop, but little in the way of cave interpretation." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
cave inventory "Gebauer provided a cave inventory based on literature research including 310 entries for caves and "cave-like objects" in Sri Lanka."  Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
cave inventory project "The Corps itself sponsored a cave inventory and evaluation project by a multi-disciplinary team of speleologists in the spring of 1977." Elliott, Damming up the Caves p 38
cave invertebrate
  • "This means that most cave invertebrates rely on external food sources where the food webs are based on bacteria that do not need light to survive, but these are not known at Wombeyan." Ellis, Wombeyan 122
  • "Kurugala Cave...Through-drafts between at least four entrances keeps the humidity low so that few cave invertebrates live within." Wilson, Southern Sri Lanka 23
cave investigation "This was followed up in 1876 by an unsuccessful attempt to organise cave investigations in all the Australian colonies." Shaw, cave science 60
cave ladder Norwest had removed old cave ladders in Te Tahi the previous week and a five metre drop in the floor level had to be accessed via an abseil." Carden, The Race
cave lair "The man-cub Mowgli is adopted and brought up by the Wolf family in their cave lair in Rudyard Kiplings' The Jungle Book." Crane, Cave 123
cave lake "Nullabor Plain..Most of these cave lakes have been visited infrequently by white men over the past 100 years, and three of them have had pumps installed for stock water supplies." Lewis, Nullabor Plain 4
cave landmark
  • "Horace Hovey...his books include descriptions of the tour routes and cave landmarks populaar with other early writers, but he covered thd cave mor thoruoughly than most writers." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 197
cave lead "That night we decide to move operations west, to the other cave lead." Miller, Belize 22
cave legend "Fa Hien Lena...cave legends: According to "www.angelfire.com" there are fabulous tunnels leading directly to far away, famous places." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 62
cave level
  • "These two examples in the Pyrenees and the Alps enlighten the richness brought by cave levels spread over a large range of elevations." Jaillet, French mountain caves 28
  • "Five cave levels can clearly be recognised." Angeli et al., Pleistozene Sea Level Changes 31
cave life
  • "Less suited for long-term cave life than cave crickets, camel crickets go outside to eat every two or three days, so they live near damp entrances." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 44
  • "Do not dump carbide in or outside of a cave. This can seriously upset cave life as well as being unsightly." Stratford, South Wales 7
  • "Jackson (1910) thought the skeletal material could have been Bronze Age but the associated finds are predominantly Romano-British; he rejected the 'theory of refugees' and thought that cave life formed a feature of Romano-British civilation." Waltham, NW-England 199
cave-like
  • "The visual imagery of a cave-like space heightens our emotional identification with Clarice, and symbolizes the dark recesses of the mind of the madman who hunts her." Crame, Cave 15
  • "Troglophile - an animal that may live its entire life in a cave but can also live above ground or in a cavelike habitat. The term literally means "cave lover." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities31
  • "Unroofed caves are identified by their cave-like shape and by the presence of cave deposits such as flowstone or stalagmites." Ellis, Wombeyan 62
  • "The Barkley Cove graveyard trailed off under tunnels of dark oaks. Spanish mosses hung in long curtains, creating cavelike sanctuaries for old tombstones - the remains of a family here, a loner there, in no order at all." Owens, Crawdads 355
cave line "On 8 January 2005, Shaw died at a depth of 270 m, connected to dreyer's headless body by the taut cave line in which he had become entangled." Crane, Cave 87
cave lion "Kents Cavern...Animal remains include those of rhinoceros, wolf, cave lion, hyena, cave bear, baby mammoth and Irish elk." Oldham, Discovering Caves 21
cave list "For example, Sumidero Yochib, widely regarded as one of the technically most difficult caves in Mexico, does not rank high on longest or deepest cave lists." Hoemann, Viewpoint 16
cave literature
  • "While the impossibility of capturing the earth's reality in words is not peculiar to the spaces beneath its surface, cave literature frequently reveals a heightened awareness of the limits of language in relation to natural phenomena." Crane, Cave 11
  • "Some twenty years later another of the classics of cave literature appeared, a book in two volumes by Rosenmüller and Tilesius." Shaw, cave science 245
cave location
  • "For protection reasons the aforementioned article does not provide any cave locations." Laumanns, South Vietnam part 1, p 40
  • "A necessary start to look for caves on the Leizhou Peninsula and the northern part of Hainan Island will be to record all known cave locations form literature sources and local knowledge, which can then be followed up by physical exploration." Wood, Zhang, Volcanic Centers China 128
cave location map "The institute has taken the lead in cave exploration in order to prepare the UNESCO dossier. The institute registered 64 caves in the area and procuced a detailed cave location map." Laumanns, Ninh Binh province 10
cave locality "At Wombeyan, the caves are developed in marble rather than limestone so what we see both at the surface and in the caves can be different from what is seen at other cave localities." Ellis, Wombeyan 55
cave location "We also try to prevent publication of cave locations in anything intended für the general public." Tom Rea on, 26
cave lover "Troglophile - an animal that may live its entire life in a cave but can also live above ground or in a cavelike habitat. The term literally means "cave lover." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities31
cave man, cave-man
  • "Kents Cavern...Ancient cave man would hardly recognise his former home today." Oldham, Discovering Caves 21
  • "All that was positively known of the cave-man was that he hunted, fought and drew pictures; and art, Chesterton said, was the signature of man." Ffinch, Chesterton 300
cave management "The cave management have drilled an 8-foot square tunnel into the main passage and laid a wide concrete path for nearly a thousand feet into the mountain." Oldham, Discovering Caves 8
cave management specialist "Mike wiles, the cave management specialist at Jewel Cave, shared his story." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 15
cave man image "The popular notion that modern-day humans descend from the 'cave-man' imagines such sites as precursors to houses and other buildings." Crane, Cave 69
cave map
  • "After caving itself, the activity that most brings together dedicated cave explorers und cave scientists is the production of cave maps." Crane, Cave 37
  • "In 1845, he drew a map of the cave mostly from memory and from his knowledge of older cave maps he was able to view while staying at Locust Grove." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 103
  • "The shape of cave maps and plans gives us some indication of how they formed." Ellis, Wombeyan 66
cave mapping
  • "The celebrated scientist und speleologist Arthur N. Palmer identifies cave mapping as an 'essential skill for any speleologist' and 'the first step in obtaining quantitative data about caves." Crane, Cave 37
  • The 2018 biospeleolocial investigations were only made "en passant" as cave mapping was the main goal of the project." Laumanns, Krong No Volcanic Park 66
cave material "In fact the more one reads excavation reports the more obvious it becomes thar re-appraisals of British cave material are due." Waltham, NW-England 200
cave meander "Although in many ways similar to meanders of surface streams, the cave meanders could not have been formed in the same way because surface meanders are formed by the shoaling of alluvium, and in the caves there is usually very little or no alluvium." Tratman, NW-Clare 66
cave memorabilia "Or maybe woodrats are like some human Mammoth Cave enthusiasts - curious critters that collect cave memorabilia." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 51
cave metaphor
  • "The powerful association of light with knowledge (and darkness with ignorance) also underpins the use of cave metaphors in theories of dreams and the unconcious, most famously by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung." Crane, Cave 16
cave microbe "Cave and karst microbes were thought to be a subset of surface microbes flushed into caves from meteoric drip waters, surface streams and air currents, or carried into the caves by animals." Engel, Microbes 23
cave microbial community "Consequently, the genetic diversity of cave and karst microbial communities may be particularly important to characterize and understand microbial species and ecotype concepts because of the global distribution of caves having similar hysico-chemical constraints from cave zone to cave zone, and frm cave to cave in different regions." Engel, Microbes 23
cave microbiology "Cave microbiology is rapidly developing with new discoveries every month, as well as DNA sudies, such as Neanderthal DNA found in detrital cave sediments, paving the way for DNA recovery from speleothems." Verheyden, Speleothem science 59
cave microflora "Cave microflora - the microscopic bacteria and funghi that live and often thrive in limestone caves- comprise a considerable proportion of the overall cavebiota, but they often overworked as signifikant karst life-forms." Ellis, Wombeyan 133
cave micro-organism "Two specific examples of cave micro-organisms with potential commercial interest are cited by Steele." Ellis, Wombeyan 134
cave mineral
  • "Some people today still believe that caves and cave minerals have the power to heal." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  96
  • "Bat and bird guano is the source for many of the less auspicious cave minerals." Ellis, Wombeyan 52
  • "Calcite is the very first cave mineral to be mentioned by Fridvaldszky (1767) from Romania." Verheyden, Speleothem science 53
cave mining operation
  • "In 1814, Mammoth Cave manager Archibald Miller wrote to slave owner John Hendrick about a slave leased to work in the cave mining operation." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 95
cave modelling "The research of three-dimensional cave modelling is in relatively early stage." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 154
cave monastery
  • "According to CEYLON TRAVELLER "Dambulla is the largest cave monastery in Sri Lanka and its history goes back to the 2nd century B:C. on the evidence obtainable from the inscription under the drip ledge of the main cave recording the dedication of the cave to Buddhist monks." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 48
cave morphology
  • "From this time onwards, the sequence and environment of cave development my be infered from a detailed study of the cave morphology." Waltham, North-West England 80
  • "This led me to what has become a compulsive interest in cave morphology and cave genesis." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 15
cave mouth
  • "The black opening of the cave mouth stood out starkly against the snow and surrounding limestone." Eyre, Cave Explorers 74
  • "'What is the strange instinct, impelling us to explore, which the sight of a cave mouth arouses?'" Crane, Cave 66
  • "The river disappeared in rapids into a cave mouth 15 metres high by 15 metres wide." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 8
cave movie "When we went into it we were all without experience of cave-movie making and we really had gone about the business backwards." "Are the days gone when the amateur caver can still contribute substantially to the advancement of cave science?" Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 18
cave mushroom "In the largest of these caves, known since Roman times and used for the extraction of stones, since 1970 the champignon-type cave mushroom have been cultivated." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 113
cave music "Without doubt this is the best known piece of cave music in the world and it contributed to the increased popularity of the island and the cave." Mills, Fingals Cave 171
cave name
  • "The recorded cave name "Dig Gallena" is obviously a corrupted version of a Diggala Lena named after a rock of Dig." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 54
  • "The origin and meaning of the Khasi cave name "krem Umkhang" was not identified but may derive from the Khasi word "ka'khang" for a fern or refer to "locked up, closed off water" especitally since both Krem Umkhang and the Procupine Cave, Lumshnong, are the only known dry and entirely relic caves in a neighbourhood of two dozen other caves which all provide access to active streamways." Gebauer, Lumshnong 133
  • "Nevertheless, the topographical maps show an abundance of cave signatures, even with cave names displayed, with many of thoses caves not visited yet." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 10
cave network
  • "Yet exploration by 200 British potholers over a 40-year-period culminated in 2011 in the connection of more than 102 km of passages that stretch under Cumbria, Lancashire and Yorkshire, making the Three Counties System the longst cave network in Britain." Crane, Cave
  • "In China's Chongquing province, a cave network explored in 2013 was found to possess its own weather system: ladders of stacked mist that build in a huge central hall, cold fog that drifts in giant cloud chambers for from the reach of the sun." McFarlane, Underland 11
  • They are, however, almost denuded, and remains survive only of roofless cave networks." Waltham, NW-England 217
cave nitrate "From the 1900s-1940s, many cave deposits were considered to have a microbiological origin, even if researchers could not prove it until more recently, including cave nitrate (saltpeter or saltpetre) deposits, carbonate moonmilk, and other speleothems." Engel, Microbes 23
cave occupation "Thus climate factors can induce cave occupation at a particular season or during particular weather spells over much of Australia." Jennings, Man and other animals 102
cave occupation site "In this way a variety of animals from the surrounding country can be represented in a cave deposit in much the same way as they can in a human cave occupation site." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 121
cave operator
  • "Our group was warmly welcomed on arrival, and we were delighted to meet the cave operators, Marg and Scott Robertson." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
  • "Given the obvious commitment of both the cave's operators and staff, and their enthusiasm, I am sure the cave future's is bright." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
cave opening
  • "Cave openings are gaping 'mouths' into the dark 'gullets' of the earth." Crane, Caves 11
  • "A short trip into the entrance of a cave, when ridge walking, to determine if it goes and what kind of trip may be needed in the future, may save everyone in the group considerable time when a number of new potential cave openings are found." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
  • "The cave opening looms suddenly out of the mountain face above the trees on the left bank of the stream." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 33
cave organisation leader "The fact that the list is so short might indicate that solo caving is insignificant, if it were not for the fact that practically the entire list of solo cavers are people who are respected for their accomplishments in caving and include a number of well-known cave organisation leaders." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 20
cave origin "The many theories of 'cave origin' (or, more accurately, of 'environment of cave development') may be divided broadly into four groups, based upon the division of groundwater environment into the vadose and phreatic zones." Waltham, North-West England 80
cave overhang "At the cave entrance, conditions most resemble the surface, but the cave overhang provides protection from the sun and weather." Ellis, Wombeyan 121
cave owner
  • "This historic fiction mixed with fantasy features historic cave guides Stephen Bishop and Mat and Nick Bransford, cave owner Dr. John Croghan, P.T. Barnum, and former vice president Aaron Burr." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 181
  • "We've made some half-hearted attempts (to have a cave owner's education programme)." Tom Rea on, 26
  • "The Greatest Natural Curiosity in America and an ideal summer resort, with the Cave Hotel able to accomodate up to 500 guests, who could avial themselves of the tours conducted by slaves of the cave owners." Crane, Cave 162
cave owner committee "We have a cave owners committee which is supposed to do this sort of work, but no one is willing to take on the job, so the job is vacant." Tom Rea on, 26
cave pack "Also, it is helpful to have a rag or small piece of towel tucked away in your cave pack to wipe off the stray globs that inevitably attach themselves to the camera gear." Williams, Cave Photography 36
cave painting
  • "Numerous petroglyphs and cave paintings seen everywhere are the expression of the ancient rapanui culture." Ciszewski, Easter Island 41
  • "In Central America Mayan cave paintings have been found in Yucatan, Mexico, and in the Caribbean a significant concentration of cave art from the last two millenia can be found in Cuba and in the Dominican Republic." Crane, Cave 111
  • "Leclerq recorded cave paintings and engravings "..celui d'Aluwihara est plutôt une série de crevasses, avec de naives peintures.." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 27
cave passage
  • "The carbon dioxide-rich air in Kacna jama, Slovenia, is caused by the seepage underground of waste from a paper mill - a reminder that even the remotest cave passages are parts of intetrated natural systems which link the earth's surface and its depths.2 Crane, Cave 22
  • "However, such is the way of cavers, that it was eighteen years before full documentation was complete and even as it left the printers, it was out of date, because even more cave passages had been discovered." Eyre, Cave Explorers 35
  • "Cave passages are just space." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 7
cave pattern
  • "Well known for their great deepness related to the mountain uplift, most of these networks also show cave patterns with several levels." Jaillet, French montian karsts 21
  • "It is now widely recognised that a water-table, in the classical sense, does not generally exist in caverous limestones having an essentially secondary permeability via fractures; local geological features have such a strong influence on the cave patterns that any proposed water-table relating to the main drainage channels becomes an impossibly complex and irregular surface." Waltham, North-West England 80
cave pearl
  • "Below the Temple Cave is the Dark Cave, the largest of the Batu Caves, a 2-km network of caverns containing elaborate formations such as cave curtains, flow stones, cave pearls and scallops; it, too, is open to the public." Crane, Cave 156
  • "Cave pearls are also best preserved in the wild caves as they occur in small water filled hollows frequently found on the floor, that area of the cave most vulnerable to destruction by visitors." Ellis, Wombeyan 52
  • "Buckland..According to his manuscript notes for these lectures he discussed speleothems (including mondmilch, cave pearls, flos ferri and aragonite) and cave bone deposits." Shaw, cave science 242
cave people "We don't know what they used gypsum for, but making paint und plaster are ancient uses for gypsum, so the Mammoth Cave people may have been doing that." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 73
cave personnel "In addition, it appears that cave personnel should be rotated with surface occupations in some instance in order to reduce exposures." Gamble, Alpha-Radiation 254
cave phenomen "They did not usually contain any new explanations of cave phenomena but, by recording a mass of information in a way in which it could be used, they did form an important step in the progressive knowledge of the region concerned." Shaw, cave science 245
cave petroglyph site "The main cave petroglyph sites occur in four karst areas across southern Australia. near Pearth, the Nullabor Plain, Mount Gambier and Buchan." Crane, Cave 113
cave photo
  • "Good photographers spend a lot of time looking at the cave and looking at cave photos." Brucker, cave photography 282
  • "Therefore, given that conditions in caves are basically adverse, one must talk of degrees of adversity when determining the equipment and techniques required to take that beautiful or dramatic cave photo." Williams, Cave photography 34
cave photograph
  • "The cave photographs of Philippe Crochet and Annie Guiraud are among the best I have seen." Crochet, Guiraud, Symponie 5
  • "Exposing a cave photograph is almost always accomplished using either flashbulbs or an electonic flash." Williams, Cave Photography 35
cave photographer
  • "Pioneering underwater cave photographers Wes Skiles and Jull Heinerth have taken the art of underwater photography and cinematography to levels that few could have imagined even as recently as the beginning of this century." Crane, Cave 123
  • "For cave photographers, Lechuguilla pesents a seemingly endless series of possibilities for amazing images." Downey, Lechuguilla 24
  • "Water is the cave photographer's worst enemy but mud can also give him fits." Williams, Cave Photography 36
cave photography
  • "Cave photography was utilised quit early in Australia." Shaw, cave science 61
  • "Cave photography is a demanding business, certainly not financially rewarding at all." Crochet, Guiraud, Symponie 7
  • "Three basic tasks are required in cave photography." Williams, Cave photography 34
cave photo lens "Some photographers believe the Nikon 24mm very wide angle lens is the ideal cave photo lens." Brucker, cave photography 282
cave photo technique "During the 8th International Congress of Speleology Mammoth Cave Camp last year the Callot brothers from France showed us a cave photo technique that makes spectacular pictures (in their hands)." Brucker, cave photography 283
cave plan
  • "Oliver Trickett...He produced innumerable cave plans and maps of cave areas between 1897 and 1919 and, besides publishing lengthy reports of official publicatons." Shaw, cave science 61
  • "The second cave entrance of Krem Diengiri, Lumshnong, is indicated as "daylight window" on the cave plan (Scherzer H 2015.02.13 KremJri.jpg) about 5 m south-west of the main entrance." Gebauer, Lumshnong 36
  • "Sasvari gives a cave plan with four cross sections of "Kerudavil-barlang" and "Kerudavil Cave." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 143
    La Gran Caverna de Santo Tomas, Pinar del Rio, Kuba 2012
cave poem "The myriad ways caves have been used, literally and metaphorically, in literature over more than a millenium are succinctly captured in three 'cave poems': Coleridge's 'Kubla Khan', W. H. Auden's 'In Praise of Limestone' and Robert Penn Warren's 'Speleology'." Crane, Cave 127
cave pollution ""Too much" attention from hiking people and excessive cave pollution is also a great problem." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 153
cave pool "Until, therefore, a more systematic and thorough search of silt from cave pools, wells and springs in the North of England has been made, it is not reasonable to state categorically that the interstitial crustacea of the South are not present in the North." Waltham, North-West England  163
cave population "Under these conditions, surface populations becave extinct while cave populations persisted and adapted to the cave environment." Ellis, Wombeyan 121
cave position "Objectives of the cave surveying is to know the lava tube cave distribution, each direction relative to the eruption point (crater) by measuring the lava tube cave position and length in the KVG area and to know the structure of each lava tube cave by measuring the height, width, slope anlge and oberserving the inner structure of wall, ceiling and floor." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 301
cave potential
  • "Several other caves were explored, and we decided to return the following year to explore the cave potential on the Plateau de Thusac aove Archianne, which held the promise of deep caves." Eyre, Cave Explorers 86
  • "Cave potential on Sri Lanka must be about nil." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 7
  • "This state of the affair began to change when in the 1970's the tremendous cave potential of Hawai'i was understood, leading to the foundation of the Hawai'i Speleological Survey in 1989." Kempe, Lava Caves 49
cave preserve "We used his cabin and his cave preserve as a base of operations for working these and other caves in Pocahontas and Greenbrier Counties." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 29
cave 'profiteer' attempt "If we can be satisfied your magazine will not be another 'cave profiteer' attempt to exploit naive cavers and (more importantly) gthe caves themselves, there will not be a deluge of FOC circulars urging cavers to boycott your efforts?" Thompson, Caving International Service oc Disservice to Caves and Caving? p 2
cave project "It is a complex system and it is one of the largest and most physically and intellectually rewarding cave projects." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 30
cave prospecting
  • "Cave prospecting in the dense forstes of New Guinea is much slower than in the open alpine limestone of Europe and North America, and hence expeditions to date have still largeley only scratched the surface." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 7
  • "Although the U.K. expedition to Hawaii Island last summer was primarily designed to answer specific problems on the geology of the tube-fed lava flows, it was especially successful in general cave prospecting and exploration." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 4
cave protection "The first legislations of Hungarian cave protection came from the beginning of the 20th century, in 1935 the law only involved the protection of the caves with "scientific value"." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 150
cave publication "Their specialist cave publications not only increased the amount of speleological material published but it made it more readily available to the people who had an immediate interest in it." Shaw, cave science 246
cave punishment "Those cameras are mechanically rugged and stand up to dust and cave punishment." Brucker, cave photography 282
cave racer
  • "In Malaysia, where caves have a warm, snake-friendly temperature, snakes called cave racers do live deep in caves, where they eat bats and swiftlets." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 57
  • The cave racer Orthriophis taeniurus, which is reported from other Vietnamese caves, is not recorded from here either." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 59
  • "Lindsay was petrified when he nearly grasped a cave race snake." Eavis, Willis, Dodd, Cathay-Pacific Airways MULU 80, p 22
cave radiation level "To date investigation of cave radiation levels has been very limited." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 255
cave raft
  • "Virturally any cave feature known in any  of nearby lesser caves could also be found in Carlsbad; usually in more imposing displays....aragonite trees and frostwork and cave rafts." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 426
  • "Complications in the latter cave such as the early, truncated calcified siltstone/cave raft deposits, and large amounts of clay, silt and cobbles on floors, seem to be absent in Lechuguilla." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 427
cave record
  • "Cave records of this species are exceedingly rare, though." Steiner, in: Laumanns, Ninh Binh 102
  • "Here, as at the highest levels of all human activities, competition is fostered by the natural desire to compare achievements, even to be best. Cave records, in part, reflect that competitive urge." Hoemann, Viewpoint 16
cave refuge "Englert distinguished also the caves-refuges whe the fugitives were hiding during intertribal war." Ciszewski, Easter Island 31
cave region
  • "If you want a quick cave, there's Diamond Caverns, it's well lit, it's in the cave region." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 112
  • "What I'm trying to do instead is to be concerned with protection of caves and the landscape in cave regions." Tom Alley-Interview, Caving International Magazine 9-1980 p 13
cave registry list "The TA-numbers referred to origin from the VIGMA report and the VIGMR cave registry list." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 14
cave-related "A significant number of cave-related archaeological projects were carried out in Ninh Binh province." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 10
cave relationship "The results are then transcribed to a composite map of the area and cave so that possible surface/cave relationships may become evident and require more extensive exploration." Brändli, The Hölloch 15
cave remnant "Many of the towers have very old cave remnants preserved within them, and many have foot caves that are relics of their undercutting at various levels." Waltham, Ha Long Bay p 4
cave report
  • "This usage ot the term has become traditional in the area and is used in cave reports." Tratman, NW-Clare 72
  • "Interesting timing really, because this early cave report was found just months after the publication of Delving Deeper, Half a Century of Cave Discovery in New Zealand." Clarke, A Mystery Cave in New Zealand
cave research
  • "By the end of the century, ten speleological societies were active in Europe; the most important of these for the future of serious cave research was Martel's Societe de Speleologie, establisched in Paris in 1895." Crane, Cave 32
  • "The influence of universities in cave research has increased over the years until today it is quit significant." Shaw, cave science 241
  • "Consequently, cave research without any permission cannot be kept incognito." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 11
cave researcher
  • "I don't consider myself a cave researcher." Tom Alley-Interview, Caving International Magazine 9-1980 p 13
  • "Balazs Holl, cave researcher drew my attention that these holes are likely to be imprints of the torches people used to light with through the ages until the 19th century." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 152
cave residence "Robinson Crusoe...Indeed he feels so secure after discovering his second cave residence, his vaulted 'Retreat', that he 'fancy'd (him)self now like one of the ancient Giants, which are said to live in Caves and Holes in the Rocks, where one could come at them." Crane, Cave 134
cave rescue
  • "In the difficult task of cave rescue, where the injured must be moved through the harshest of terrains, his contributions have been outstanding." Eyre, Cave Explorers VII
  • "The difficuly of cave rescue as distinct from mountain rescue or other forma of wilderness rescue was recognized with the formation of the Cave Rescue Organisation in Yorkshire in 1935 (the world's first cave rescue organisation) and the Mendip Rescue Organisation (renamed Mendip Cave Rescue in 2008) in Somerset the following year." Crane, Cave 83
  • "In the event of an accident requiring the necessity to call for cave rescue the following procedure should be followed..." Stratford, South Wales 7
cave rescue accident "Later in 1932 a cave rescue accident was the reason to establish the first Rescue Society of Counties and Cities." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 54
cave rescue attempt "By this time the alarm had been raised above ground, and what was at the time one of the largest cave-rescue attempts in history began." McFarlane, Underland 42
cave rescue equipment "More than 50 presentations concerning cave-rescue equipment, problems, methodology, first aid, rescue training, accident origin statistics and cave rescue organisations were given." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 56
cave rescue operation "The first recognized cave rescue operation in Hungary was in 1927." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 54
cave rescue organisation
  • "The difficuly of cave rescue as distinct from mountain rescue or other forma of wilderness rescue was recognized with the formation of the Cave Rescue Organisation in Yorkshire in 1935 (the world's first cave rescue organisation) and the Mendip Rescue Organisation (renamed Mendip Cave Rescue in 2008) in Somerset the following year." Crane, Cave 83
  • "More than 50 presentations concerning cave-rescue equipment, problems, methodology, first aid, rescue training, accident origin statistics and cave rescue organisations were given." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 56
  • "In Britain today groups are aware that the Cave Rescue Organisation can be called almost as easily as normal medical care - we have become too complacent." Thompson, Viewpoint 12-1981, p 3
cave rescue team
  • "Cave rescue teams were called out." Eyre, Jim (1981): The Cave Explorers, The Stalactite Press, Calgary 67
  • "The cave rescue team practices its techniques continually both in and out of the cave to insure that its members maintain a high level of proficiency." Brändli, The Hölloch 17
cave rescue warden "Remain at the phone until you are contacted by a Cave Rescue Warden" Stratford, South Wales 7
cave rescuer "The Romanian cave rescuers and he HCRS were alerted at 2 p.m.." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 56
cave rim "On the walls and around floor holes along breezy sections in th upper and middle levels appear hundreds of  cave rims, ear-like or shell-like projections that are believed to be created by interaction of corrosive with eveporative air bodies causing minerals to be translocated from inward-facing to outward-facing surfaces." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 427
cave river
  • "Cave rivers and waterfalls, waist-deep mud, perilous chimneys, crawls and pits are all the places which qualify as especially hostile to photography." Williams, Cave photography 34
  • "Just as the canoeist or kayaker gradually builds his experience of reading water, so the caver should build experience in cave rivers." Boon, Editorial 1980, 6&7, p 3
  • "Three kinds of fish with eyes nearly gone, and red shrimps, have been found in the cave river." Jennings, Karst in China 10
cave rock "The extent of cave rock in the North American continent is very much greater." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 19
cave rocky relief "Speleogens, also called cave rocky relief, are smallscale solution sculptures that develop on the walls, ceilings and floors of caves." Ellis, Wombeyan 67
cave roof

(roof of the cave)

  • "After wading through the stream for around 56 m, Casteret found himself in a 'disaging spot' where the cave roof disappeared below the water, and where the celebrated cave scientist René Gabriel Jeannel had previously been forced to stop." Crane, Cave 86
  • "Thus, the cave belongs to the "infationary" pyroducts, i.e., the cave roof formed first and the lava kept flowing underneath invisible to any surface observer (had there been one)." Kempe, Galapagos 157
  • "Hazards change from snow blindness to blizzards in a matter of minutes, and there is risk of falling through thin portions of the cave roof into one of the streams." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 32
cave room "Samples from the cave rooms called Methodist Church and Violet City show that it has been about 2.27 million years since the large sediments were washed into thos areas." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 9
cave potential "The beginning of lave cave research on Hawai'i in the 1970s and the consecutive acknowledgement of the enormous Haawai'an cave potential spurred activity there and worldwide, leading to the foundation of the Hawai'i Speleological Survey in 1989 during the International Congress of Speleology in Budapest, Hungar." Kempe, Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
cave salamander
  • "Reddish orange with dark spots, the cave salamander begins life in the water." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 40

Violet entrance, Mammoth Cave

  • How can we not be fascinated by the proteus, this completely depigmented and blind species of cave salamander (calles the 'human fish#) which can live for more than 100 years?" Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 323
cave scene
  • "In the cave scene in Raiders of the Lost Ark, the cave is crawing with tarantulas- that's how som earachnophobic people imagine caves." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 48
  • "In this crucial, disturbing cave scene Ondaatje intersects the multiple images of the womb and the tomb that are so frequently associated with caves in literature." Crane, Cave 135
  • "Trickett is shown with theodolite, though the photo of him was actually taken in a studio and superimposed on the cave scene (Middleton, 19991:105)." Shaw, cave science 61
cave scholarship "William Buckland, who wrote the first great classic of British speleology, would have had no sense of himself as a member of a community of cave explorers or scientists, nor would he have thought of his research first and foremost in relation to a tradition of cave scholarship." Crane, Cave 28
cave science
  • The desire to forge new frontiers became mingled with a desire to trace our evolutionsary roots....Clearly this period was pivotal in the history of cave science, but the story of speleology's rapid growth is even today still only in its early chapters." Crane, Cave 34
  • "The future of cave and karst microbiology research, and potentiallly most of the cave sciences, will improve by connecting phylogeny to function and by utilizing a combination of culture-, genomics-, and protocomics-based analyses." Engel, Microbes 23
  • "There is a marked increase in the use of geological language in Auden's poem compared to Coleridge's, which is in keeping with the development of cave science between 1797, when Coleridge composed 'Kublan Khan', and 1948, when Auden wrote his poem." Crane, Cave 131
cave science historian "For the cave science historian Trevor Shaw, Baron Valvasor was the 'first true speleologist' for both the fullness of his descriptions an dhis original observation that caves and subterranean waterways are parts of a larger hydrological system." Crane, Cave 27
cave scientist
  • "Cave scientists distinguish between the geomorphology of 'true karst' - formed principally through the solution of rock by water - and 'pseudokarst' - in which caves and associated landforms develop through processes other than solution, from the weathering of rock by wind and rain or the erosive effects of turbulent melt water, to the flow of lava or the fracturing of rock by tectonic movements." Crane, Cave 23
  • "Many cavers and cave scientists consider Frenchman Eduard Alfred Martel to be the father of modern speleology." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 104
  • "For the cave scientists the system is loaded with opportunities to study and more fully understand the bizarre sequence of events that formed this and other caves in the region." Downey, Lechuguilla 21
cave segment "Whereas some explorers strictly refer to the length of the singular cave segments, in many cases also including the extension of the roof collapses itself, to represent a speleogenetically continuius former pyroduct and thus add all these data to a total length figure." Laumanns, Krong No Volcanic Park 19
cave section
  • "Only the Wells Archaeological and Natural Society had a specialist cave section, the Mendip Nature Research Committee, and this was not created until 1906." Shaw, cave science 246
  • "The end of this cave section is another high shaft chamber with stairs as well as a religious shrine." Laumanns, South Vietnam part 1, p 42
  • "Hang Thien Cung...This cave section has almost no calcite formations and is much more muddy than the entrance gallery." Laumanns, Ninh Binh 84
cave sediment
  • "Another important source for cave sediments is dust in the air." Ellis, Wombeyan 64
  • "Recently workers at Kirkhead Cave have focused attention on to the cave sediments and have suggested that the lenses of gravel, cryoturbation and frost wedges at the top of the laminated clay sequence indicate the cold period of the late Devensian, Cirque, glaciation, pollen zone III." Waltham, NW-England 184
cave setting "In some shallow cave settings, including in lava tubes, plant roots ("rootsiscles") can also penetrate cave passages or aquifers, which can have richt (micro)biota." Engel, Microbes 24
cave shaft
  • "Gaping Ghyll, at 109,7 m, is the deepest cave shaft in Britain." "While traces of prehistoric journeys into cave depths can only tell us partial stories, the distinctive experience of 'being-in-a-cave' suggests that Stone Age cave visitors had something in common with today's explorers." Crane, Cave 70
  •  
cave-shaped "These cavities are cave-shaped and have a crystal lining up to 100 mm thick." Ellis, Wombeyan 64
cave shelter "A Buddhist "rock monastery" centred on several "caves" or "cave shelters" consisting of only little modified natural rock shelters between and beneath gneiss boulders, which have disintegrated in situ but nobody can object that it is much more imaginative to interpret them as "fallen from the mountains high above the valley." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 27
cave shrimp "The endangered Kentucky cave shrimp lives only in the Mammoth Cave area in base-level streams and pools." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 38
cave shrine
  • "In Thailand alone it is estimated that over 200 caves are regularly used as places of Buddhist worship, including the impressive Tham Khao Luang, which, like many other cave shrines in Thailand, is now also a firm fixture on the tourist trail." Crane, Cave 157
  • "The use of cave shrines continued locally at least still the ninth century, for Northumbrian sceats of Eanred, Aethelred II and Vigmund have been found at Merlewood Cave in north Lancashire." Waltham, NW-England 200
cave signature "Nevertheless, the topographical maps show an abundance of cave signatures, even with cave names displayed, with many of thoses caves not visited yet." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 10
cave silt "Even the brown pigment of cave silt is attributable to the bacterial oxidation of ferrous ions to geothite." Ellis, Wombeyan 133
cave site
  • "Other notable archaeological cave sites in Australia are found in the karst areas in the inland southwestern part of Tasmania." Crane, Cave 113
  • "Cord-impressed Beaker ware has been obtained from Attermire and Sewell's Cave, and whilst there are no C14 dates for Secondary Neolithic or Beaer burials from the North West, one has been established from a cave site, Antofts Windypit, Helmsley, in the North Riding, of 1800 BC +- 150." Waltham, NW-England 192
  • "The important archaeologicial cave site Hang Con Moong is also located in the National Park but belongs to Thanh Hoa province." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 11
cave situation
  • "A number of guidelines relevant to the cave situation may be extracted from the uranium mines recommendations." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 255
  • "Certainly the gear must be well-protected to survive dragging through water and mud, but just as important as protection is the ease of transport, expecially in severe cave situations." Williams, Cave photography 35
cave size "Wollondilly Cave...Due to the caves size and vertical range, the drips being studied provide good spacial distribution and exhibit a range of flow regimes." Ellis, Wombeyan 77
cave society "The earliest cave society of all was the Höhlenclub of Appenzell in eastern Switzerland, which existed in the early 1860s." Shaw, cave science 247
cave soil
  • "Cave soils and surfaces are often rather oligotrophic (nutrient poor) and actinomycetes are very well adapted to this type of environment." Ellis, Wombeyan 133
  • "At one point into the cave, the gallery splits into two and a small climb down leads to running water in a non-muddy stream bed where the cave soil consists of gravels (without obvious precious stones) with a specific weight surpassing 2.7 (heavier than quartz or limestone) form ripple marks." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 23
  • "Hauling heavy containers of cave soil and fauna across the cable was not always fun, but then neither was reconstructing several hundred metres of steep trails by hand." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 39
cave space "All that is needed is to incorporate the solid geometry of a given cave space into the compositional process." Brison, Fingal's Cave Overture 1909-2005
cave species
  • "Both these and the other cave species needed in the laboratory were obtained from nearby caves and in 1903 the university bought the land containing Farm Cave." Shaw, cave science 242
  • "In neighbouring Laos, four different cave species plus some epigean species occasionally found in cave entrances are reported."  Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 60
  • "In neighbouring Laos, four different cave species with a clear geographic distribution pattern are found, a similar pattern is to be expected from Vietnam." Steiner, in: Laumanns, Ninh Binh 102
cave spider
  • "The communal cave spider builds a thick messy web with funnels inot which the spider retreats." Ellis, Wombeyan 122
  • "Council Cave...This small cave is a stronghold for the endemic cave spider Spelungula cavenicola." NZSS Tomo Times, No. 164, 2004
cave stage "Dave Bergman, the adventure race's safety officer commented that by the time the race got to the cave stage it will only the first five teams that will still be seriously racing." Carden, The Race
cave stream
  • "Tiny aquatic isopods live in cave streams." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 38
  • "Because microbes colonize virtually every surface and interface with all zones of a cave system including in cave streams with dynamic geochemical interfaces, understanding microbial diversity and function is central to all of the karst-related sciences." Engel, Microbes 23
  • "Below is a cave stream that leads to the wild section of Junction Cave and the spacious and beautifully decorated Olympian Cavern." Ellis, Wombeyan 49
cave student "A stagnation of cave air does not exist, and no cave student would pretend to say it existed."  Balch,Glacières 304
cave study
  • "These cavers, for the most part, are or have been involved in one or more extensive cave study, research, exploration or other cave related project." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
  • "It was during the second half of the 19th century that a conscious effort was made to bring the various branches of cave study together, both in research and and in publication." Shaw, cave science 2
  • "The earliest word used for this purpose in any language was Höhlenkunde, meaning cave study." Shaw, cave science 2
cave supervision "The AGH has within it several committees which are responsible for rescue, caver training, and cave supervision." Brändli, The Hölloch 16
cave survey
  • "However, some of the cave surveys have been included with the descriptions." Ellis, Wombeyan 167
  • "Two windows in p43, at a depth of 220-250 m, were shown on the cave survey made during the period, but remained unexplored." Klimchouk, Kubera 26
  • "The first published cave survey of a natural cave, that of Pen Park Hole, in 1683." Shaw, cave science 240
cave surveying
  • "Objectives of the cave surveying is to know the lava tube cave distribution, each direction relative to the eruption point (crater) by measuring the lava tube cave position and length in the KVG area and to know the structure of each lava tube cave by measuring the height, width, slope anlge and oberserving the inner structure of wall, ceiling and floor." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 301
  • "In each team is at least onc cave-surveying expert and one or more persons who are skilled technical climbers." Brändli, The Hölloch 15
cave surveyor "Cave surveyors often locate the boundary between inside and outside at the 'drip line', beyond which rain does not fall to the ground." Crane, Cave 19
cave swiftlet "The junction was guarded by a two metre long snake, alive and thriving on passing cave swiftlets." Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1979): The Underworld of Mulu, part 2, Caving International Magazine 2, p 6
cave system
  • "The ancient cave system revealed where an underground river hat cut through the limestone, leaving seven different levels high and dry and covered with beautiful calcite draperies." Eyre, Cave Explorers 33
  • "The active speleologist and research scientist are probably the most severely exposed visitors to cave systems though visits are usually of less duration than guides." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 258
  • "Mount Rainier....Winter trips haave never regained their proper role in the study of this cave system." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 32
cave talk "In cave talk, the word formation often refers to a decoration such as a stalactite, but in names such as "St. Louis Formation" it refers to a specific section of bedrock." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 9
cave temperature
  • "Cave temperatures well away from entrances reflect the mean annual surface temperature (MAT) and this, in combination with stable isotopes, has been used in previous studies to determine paleotemperatures." Ellis, Wombeyan 77
  • "Cave temperatures are constant and comfortable in both summer and winter, being about 52°F in the south of England, and 50° F in the north." Oldham, Discovering Caves 4
  • "This is typical of tropical caves; the cave temperature here is probably nearly 20°C." Jennings, Karst in China 13
cave temple
  • "Religious monuments and shrines have been cut out of cliffs, rock shelters have been expanded inot cave temples; and churches have been built in the cathedral-like chambers of larger cave entrances." Crane, Cave 148
  • "The Romans constructed cave temples dedicated to the underground god Mithras." McFarlane, Underland 184
  • "On examining the cave temples of continental India, they appear to exhibit three stages of progress: first mehre unadorned cells, like those formed..in the granite rocks of Behar..." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 12
cave tour
  • "Aggtelek National Park in Hungary offers not only recreational cave tours for tourists but also speleotherapy for children with asthma in Beke Cave, which was declared a medicinal cave in 1965." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  98
  • "....Wookey Hole theme park, where again the cave tour is only one of the several activities on offer, and visitors wishing to see Gough's Cave or Cox's Cave must by a Cheddar Gorge and Caves Explorer ticket, which also includes entry to the Crystal Quest fantasy adventure, the Cheddar Man Museum..." Crane, Cave 172
  • "If the fundamentals remain, many innovations, by little touches have rejuvenated the ageing tourist product represented by the conventional cave tour." Gauchon, new about underground tourism 96
cave tourism
  • "Cave tourism dates back to the beginning of the sixteenth century when people began to visit the spectacular Postojnska jama in Slovenia on a regular basis." Crane, Cave 160
  • "In early November 2003, during research for the book by Nic Haygarth and Arthur Clarke on the History of Cave Tourism in Tasmania, an old newspaper was found with an article about a "new" cave discovery in New Zealand." Clarke, A Mystery Cave in New Zealand
  • "Dr. Wellange stresse that dark caves are threatened by improper landscape management and disturbance due to unregulated cave tourism." Hetiarachchi, Into the 'Beast' 
cave tour group "In 1999, a big woman had trouble keeping up with er cave tour group, so Alan Sizemore, the guide whose job it was to bring up the rear, slowly walked her out separetely." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 206
cave tourist "Curiously he also offers advice on appropriate dress, giving us a good idea of what cave tourists would have looked like as they wandered through the subterranean passages 150 years ago." Crane, Cave 162
cave tour route "As of June 2015, I counted about fifty rocks that had fallen on cave tour routes." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 11
cave tour ticket "While working in ticket sales in the spring of 1994, I saw a woman who looked like Karen Grassle, the actress...buy a cave tour ticket." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 204
cave train
  • "Postojna jama...The most significant development, however, took place in 1872 when rails were laid and the first cave train, originally pushed by the guides, began to carry tourists." Crane, Cave 161
cave trend "The strike of the beds bends to more eastward trend near the Main Entrance and the cave trend tends accordingly." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 14
cave trip
  • "In spite of these testimonials, modern park rangers don't recommend cave trips for people with dysentery, diarrhea, or delicate health." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 96
  • "Thus all you really need for an enjoyable Nullabor cave trip are boots and a camera." Lewis, The Nullabor Plain 4
cave trolls "It was from the caverns of the Misty Mountains that the cave trolls emerged." Crane, Cave 136
cave tube
  • "The marks on the walls reflect the number of lava flows or eruption episodes having been through the cave tube over time." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 307
  • "Primarily, small cave tubes can be incorporated in lava flows." "La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 316
cave tubing
  • "Thrill-seeking visitors can choose from a wide range of subterranean adventure tours that offer activities such as cave tubing (blackwater rafting), abseiling, climbing, underground flying foxes ..." Crane, Cave 186
cave type
  • "This cave type is called Karava, shallow cave, not longer than 20-30 m." Ciszewski, Easter Island 37
  • "It forms an up to now singular cave type, not only pirating the stream of a neighboring valley but also featuring sumps and chutes where the water moves upward, similar to the water flow in karstic caves under phreatic conditions."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
  • "They occur at all levels in the limestone islands, and are distinguished from the other cave types by their sloping passages and considerable vertical range." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 6
cave use
  • "A decline of cave use since 1000 B.P. is attributed to an increase in warmth and dryness but the improved tools available promoted this interchange, withe edge-ground axes for hut construction and points for making skin cloaks." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 109
  • "Single rope techniques, wet suits and Scuba have revolutionised caving, and much of their development for cave use has been done by Americans." Watson, Red (1980): Speleologia The Zephyrus Press Experience, p 33
  • "The first and very important ritual cave use is the burial function." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 152
cave value
  • "Initiallly the Adventure Race application was turned down as there was insufficient information provided on cave values, potential threats and mitigation measures." Carden, The Race
  • "The main reason for doing this was to ensure that cave values were protected though it also meant that competitors had no chance to get lost." Carden, The Race
cave vandal "Kents CAvern...So although Mr Hedges was possibly the first of the cave vandals, he unconsciously provided a valuable source of reference to those who came after him." Oldham, Discovering Caves 21
cave ventilation "Throughout the monitoring period, and in all cases, cave ventilation was slight and inwards." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 257
cave visit "This was from cave visits by non-specialist travellers, whether they were visiting little known lands or merely going on a holiday or the Grand Tour of Europe." Shaw, cave science 245
cave visitor
  • "On tours, cave visitors may see marine-fossils such as coral and crinoids that became fossilized as the limestone formed under the sea, but the cave also holds treasures that few people see." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 21
  • "While traces of prehistoric journeys into cave depths can only tell us partial stories, the distinctive experience of 'being-in-a-cave' suggests that Stone Age cave visitors had something in common with today's explorers." Crane, Cave 69
  • "broken speleothems.....Earthquakes might be one reason; cave visitors - human, scientists or other animals - are another." Spate, Did the earth move 
cave wall
  • "A large fire burns behind the prisoners and a procession of men carrying stone figures passes above them, casting shadows as in a puppet show onto the cave wall." Crane, Cave 16
  • "It is possible to establish how many times Wombeyan Creek flowed through this chamber, but cemented river gravels and red clay can be seen perched at numerous levels on the cavern wall. Ellis, Wombeyan 49
  • "AA CAVE...None, mentions recesses or niches and an air temperature inducing sweat before referring to "une paroi creusée de cupules" (a cave wall marked with "scallops" or shallow cavities) and narrating how he grabbed from the cave floor handfuls of "corindon" (corundum) crystals, which later were identified as altered garnet." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 21
cave war
  • "Kentuckx's cave country was struck by war in the early to midtwentieth century: a cave war." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 111
  • "Cave wars between rival commercial hucksters, locked entrances, stolen keys, clandestine night raids, closely guarded maps, stolen survey data, and 'secret'caves have long been the norm." Coons, Engle, In Morrisons's Footsteps, p 29
cave water
  • "Such limestone is resistant to acid breakdown; instead of being dissolved by cave waters, it tends to collapse into blocks, having the effect of ponding large amounts of water and preventing further cave development." Eyre, Cave Explorers 238
  • "Some cave waters are so heavy or treacherous they should on no account be entered." Boon, Editorial 1980, 6&7, p 3
"cave" word "The Romanian strunga, Albanian strunge, Ukrainian strunka, Hungarian esztrenga words can be traced back to the "cave" word." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 
cave work "This chapter examines the various ways in which cave work was encouraged and disseminated - by books and publications, by museum collections and lectures, by government sponsorship and by the activities of scientific societies." Shaw, cave science 240
cave worker "Boslshie Divy...During the creations of the complex cave workers leveled the base of the outcrop and part of the rock facing the river." Gunko. Artificial caves in chalk 461
cave zone
  • "There are no clear divisions between the three cave 'zones' - or indeed between the cave and the surface environment - expecially in metereological and ecological terms." Crane, Cave 22
  • "In all cases, sites were selected to show the transition from entrance to deep cave zones, and variations from constricted passages in large chambers as appropriate to individual caves." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 257
  • "Consequently, the genetic diversity of cave and karst microbial communities may be particularly important to characterize and understand microbial species and ecotype concepts because of the global distribution of caves having similar hysico-chemical constraints from cave zone to cave zone, and frm cave to cave in different regions." Engel, Microbes 23

 

cavebiota "Cave microflora - the microscopic bacteria and funghi that live and often thrive in limestone caves- comprise a considerable proportion of the overall cavebiota, but they often overworked as signifikant karst life-forms." Ellis, Wombeyan 133
cavelike "These pits are of interest mainly as analogues of the first cavelike sinkholes discovered on Mars and the Moon."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
cavemen
  • "Were the Native Americans at Mammoth Cave "cavemen"?" O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 72
  • "Emerging from the cave, I was once more in the sunlit world of twentieth-century France, back again with my own brand of primitive cavemen as we moved on the lush, wooded foothills of the Pyrénées." Eyre, Cave Explorers 73
  • "I had been visited by a reporter from the Daily Express who had me loading and unloading my Ford van serveral times and then published a photograph, and half a column on my wife Rose, with headlines that read Nymphomaniac cooks for forty cavemen -or something like that." Eyre, Cave Explorers 123
caver
  • "A caver can see only a small section of passage at any one time." Crane, Cave 38
  • "However, such is the way of cavers, that it was eighteen years before full documentation was complete and even as it left the printers, it was out of date, because even more cave passages had been discovered." Eyre, Cave Explorers 35
  • "Battered gypsum crust und stone worn from beating on other rocks indicate prehistoric cavers were mining gypsum from the walls." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 73
  • "a person whose hobby is exploring caves" Oldham, Discovering Caves 6
caver's attraction "The caver's attraction for the darkness of the caves is indeed quite peculiar." Crochet, Guiraud, Symponie 19
caver's dream "High forested limestone and high rainfall combine to make New Guinea a caver's dream." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 7
caver's expectation "The larger, deeper, more unfathomable the space, the more it fulfils the caver's expectations." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 19
caver's grapevine "But information is slowly circulating via the caver's grapevine - too slowly given the importance of the information." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 13-1981, 27
caver's light "This is the real thrill of caving - to know you are looking at something no one else has ever seen, many thousand years of evolution captured in the flash of a caver's light, a moment in time that is yours alone.." Eyre, Cave Explorers 262
caver's tale "Lübke (1953) created a cavers' tale about "fissure caverns" at one "Field of a Hundred Fissures near Mihintale in Ceylon" of which the "majority are completely unexplored" and hence known to be almost 800 m deep or "nearly three thousand feet (914 m) deep and up to 20 m wide or "seventy feet across"." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 19
caver artist "Notable among these caver artists, whose work is intended to appeal to a caving subculture rather than to have resonance with a broader artistic culture, are Robin Gray and Rhoian Hicks." Crane, Cave 122
caver body "One common headache in wet caves is the fog produced by warm caver bodies." Williams, Cave Photography 35
caver education "Caver education is difficult if the cavers don't want to be educated." Tom Rea on, 26
caver group "Providing assistance to touring caver groups and also assisting exhausted cavers." Brändli, The Hölloch 18
caver parlance "Perhaps most importantly, a hole or fissure in rock so small to admit a human body is not a cave; in caver parlance it does not 'go', but for scientists it may turn out to be a 'protocave' if hydrological or geological processes widen the cave to allow human entry." Crane, Cave 10
caver training "The AGH has within it several committees which are responsible for rescue, caver training, and cave supervision." Brändli, The Hölloch 16
cavern
  • "You once raised me from the depths of despair to an elevation of happiness that was high as the highest pinnacle of the caverns of Kentucky; raising me from the depts of Chimborazo." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 185
  • "Groups of speleothems gather in alcoves on the walls and in numerous places around this cavern." Ellis, Wombeyan 49
  • "Mud Hall consists of a cavern almost comparable in size with the Main Chamber, but the absence of daylight, the liberal coating of mud on walls and floor, and the curious ridge which partially divides it make it difficult to appreciate its true shape and size." Waltham, North-West England 364
  • "either a large extensive cave system with large chambers, or a large chamber with a cave system" Oldham, Discovering Caves 6
cavern breakdown cavern breakdown is the process of cave enlargement which depends upon the mechanical failure and eventual collapse of sections of the cavern walls and ceiling
http://www.speleogenesis.info/directory/karstbase/publication.php?id=10551
cavern  enlargement "It is unclear why both Carlsbad and Lechuguilla are so much larger than their sister caves, but Lechuguilla obviously shares with other Guadelupe caves an unusual moder of origin in which sulphuric acid caused a major part of the cavern enlargement." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 426
cavern genesis "Guadalupe Mountains...Their morphology and deposits defy explanation by most modern theories of cavern genesis." Davis, Cave Development 43
cavernicole "These are generally considered t be eurythermal, as opposed to carnicoles, which are rather more stenothermal." Waltham, North-West England 162
cavernous
  • "It is now widely recognised that a water-table, in the classical sense, does not generally exist in caverous limestones having an essentially secondary permeability via fractures; local geological features have such a strong influence on the cave patterns that any proposed water-table relating to the main drainage channels becomes an impossibly complex and irregular surface." Waltham, North-West England 80 
  • "Participants in early European voyages encountered Iceland, then other cavernous volcanic island terrains in the Atlantic Ocean." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 173
  • "..virtually no exploration of potentially cavernous lavas has taken place." Wood, Zhang, Volcanic Centers China 123
cavern solution "In recent years, however, several researchers have suggested that unconventional cavern solution involving replacement of carbonate by sulphate has been important in the origin of guadalupe caves." Davis, Cave Development 43
cavern wall "It is possible to establish how many times Wombeyan Creek flowed through this chamber, but cemented river gravels and red clay can be seen perched at numerous levels on the cavern wall. Ellis, Wombeyan 49
cavers' voice "And will any collective cavers' voice have any influence on the course of events?" Thompson, On an International Cave Conservation and Access Lobby 3
cavescape "There are seldom any human figures in his cavescapes." Watson, Jean Truel 44
caves list "With a depth of around 500 m, the cave is at the top of the U.S. deep caves list." Downey, Lechuguilla 21
'cavey' "It is extremely sharp, adds little distortion, and makes caves look 'cavey'." Brucker, cave photography 282
cavewards "drip ledge..To catch the water of slanting rain fall, the drip ledge (in German: Traufkante) is set back for a short distance "cavewards" from the drip line (Tropflinie)." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 200
caving
  • "In 1953 C.H.D. Cullingford, an early British authority on caving, described speleology as 'an infant science'." Crane, Cave 34
  • "This was a new dimension to caving, and we achieved our first success in Easegill as we tackled a boisterous waterfall at the end of a major inlet that rejoiced in the name of Green and Smelly, a name given by the underground team during the original exploration." Eyre, Cave Explorers 36
  • "I personally don't recommend rum for caving!" O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 104
  • "Caving is more a question of one obstacle following another obstacle following another obstacle und the action is gradually built up." CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with Sid Perou 10
caving accident
  • "There have already been three fatal caving accidents in Scotland." Oldham, Scotland ix
  • "Caving accidents seem to have an air of inebitability, it is as if there is a Minotaur who must have his fill of killed and maimed each year." Boon, Weighing up the odds 3
caving activity
  • "There's usually a flurry of caving acitivity each summer as warmer weather arrives - at least in the Northern Hemisphere - and snow melts from the mountain karst areas." Thompson, Editorial 3-1979, p  
  • "A few years ago, winter was a relatively calm period for caving activities in Europe, the high altitude karsts being covered by a thick layer of snow." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 12-1981, p 14
caving administrator "De Joly, an acitve caver and caving administrator for over 60 years, was particularly interested in the Causses de Languedoc, wher in 1935 he discovered the Aven d'Orgnac in the Ardèche region." Crane, Cave 74
caving adventure "Fortunately one of their friends knew about their earlier caving adventures and he called the Cave Rescue Service." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 55
caving authority "This is now a world-famous organisation and a foremost caving authority, with volumes of research and extensive cave exploration accomplished." Eyre, Cave Explorers 96
caving area
  • "Now in the 1970 with motorways leading from every caving region to Scotland, the legions of cavers are following in the footsteps of the climbers, and discovering for themselves the advantages of Britain's most underrated caving area." Oldham,  Scotland 
  • "The 1978 Royal Geographical Society's Expedition to Gunong Mulu established the National Park as one of the world's greatest caving areas and it was hardly surprising that a follow-up expedition should be plannes." Eavis, Willis, Dodd, Cathay-Pacific Airways MULU 80, p 18
caving bag "After about twelve hours of crawling, climbing, squeezing and pulling the heavy caving bags, we were in Allende Halle - a very big chamber." Kleszynski, Lamprechtsofen 34
caving background "Members don't have to be expert caves, but they do need some caving background." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 105
caving book
  • "I was an avid reader of Norbert Casteret's prolific output of caving books, and determined someday to explore some of the mysterious caverns he desccribed so well." Eyre, Cave Explorers 71
  • "The armchair specialist has had a bit of a lean time recently with little of real note in the British caving books scene for a few years." Waltham, The British Caving Scene 9-1980 p 23
  • "We recently purchased a large stock of caving books (from Zephyrus Press) in order to be able to offer tham to interested cavers." Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 13
caving career
  • "We managed to bring her to the surface and she finished her caving career as a happy mother a few years later." Hegedüs, cave rescue in Hungary 55
  • "I'd done a few sumps at an early stage of my caving career." Yeadon, Cave Diving 19
  • "Sooner of later in one's caving career, reference is made to caving as allowing a return to the quietness of the womb, or an opportunity to enter virgin passage." Saunders, Psychogeography 57
caving circle
  • Jim Eyre has long been a legend in British caving circles, and had top cavers, like climbers, become household names would have been widely known." Eyre, Cave Explorers VII
  • "Rumours travel notoriously fast in caving circles and cavers are fiercely competitive, so this announcement quickly resulted in decisions by several other teams to make attempts also; before anyone else, if possible." Courbon, The Conquest of Pierre Saint-Martin 21
  • "The U.S. cavers involved in the Huautly Project have been visiting the area on and off for 15 years now, and, given the publicity the area has received in caving circles, it is hardly surprising that others are showing an interest." Thompson, Editorial 8-1980, p 3
caving clothes
  • "One a.m. saw us still in wet caving clothes, having a brew at the Ingleton Transport Cafe, when we were told that Leeds University students were overdue, having gone down Peg Leg." Eyre, Cave Explorers 
  • "Indeed, the gouffre Berger is very dirty, polluted by many cavers, but mainly by English cavers who have abandoned maybe tons of litter in the cave: tents, caving clothes, food, even comics.." Paul Courbon, Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, p 15
caving club
  • "The Cambrian Caving Council is an association of caving clubs and organisations." Stratford, South Wales 6
  • "At present, there are caving clubs only in Kenya, South Africa and South West Africa." Striniati, Caving in Africa 27
  • "In 1972 the British Speleological Expedition to Ethiopia, which drew on members of various caving clubs including two from the Preston Cave Club, surveyed the full length of the system (Sof Omar), which at 15.1 km is the longst in Ethiopia." Crane, Cave 150
caving code "However, caving is not just a set of rules to be followed, though adhering to the caving code will help." Oldham, Scotland ix
caving community
  • "Most of these solo cavers are well-known in the caving community, but not all are." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
  • "In the worldwide caving community everyone knows Philppe and Annie." Crochet, Guiraud, Symponie 7
caving companion
  • "This may have provided some of the incentive to start solo caving, as caving companions may not have been available when needed." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
  • "We had professors, a peer, diplomats, a film crew, Generals, Ph.D.'s from a dozen disciplines and even the first man on the moon, Neil Armstrong, as caving companions." Frankland, Los Tayos 11
caving conditions
  • "For some, caving is basically common sense, but for most people the best way to learn is with experienced cavers under actual caving conditions." Stratford, South Wales 5
  • "..a solo trip to the Salle Verna via the Lepineux pits. Such a trip, using ropes and ladders, would place me under the most difficult caving conditions." Courbon, PSM 22
  • "Compact rangefinders are moderately priced and make a good second cave camera for those who use an SLR under normal caving conditions." Williams, Cave photography 35
caving contest "Caving contests - climbs and crawls, rallies and relays - have been moved out of caves for this reason, and special patches for vertical conquests have become objects of opprobrium." Hoemann, Viewpoint 16
caving corporation "We stop in Belmopan, the capital, to pick up a friend of mine, Dr. John Wyeth, of England, and the mulit-national caving corporation rolls on to southern Belize." Miller, Belize 19
caving courtesy "We have published some handout brochures about caving courtesy and about cave conservation that emphasize the owners' rights and desires." Tom Rea on, 26
caving day "And Mason recalls wearing 'an old turned-down trilby' (narrow-brimmed type of hat./ WIKIPEDIA) in his early caving days." Crane, Cave 73
caving dress "The Bulgarian's mode of caving dress consisted only of thigh-length waders worn over ordinary clothes." Eyre, Cave Explorers 208
caving ethics
  • "Now, thanks to the increased awareness most cavers have for the fragile nature of the underground, caving ethics is a topic most people take seriously." Thompson, Expedition Ethics 3
  • "I'm referring specifically to Mexico, where differences in culture und caving ethics have caused ill-feelings between American and European cavers." Thompson, Expedition Ethics 3
caving equipment
  • "He wrote books on speleology and developed caving equipment and techniques tht made previously inaccessible caves accessible." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 104
  • "In late July I arrived at Buxton where I had my van loaded with caving equipment, and much to my astonishment, boxes and boxes of toffees and chocolate." Eyre, Cave Explorers 124
  • "Fernand Petzl is probably best known to Caving International readers as a manufacturer of caving equipment, but he is also a caver of long experience and , although approaching retirement age, he still goes caving occasionally." CI interview with Fernand Petzl 54
caving expediton
  • "'I thought we were going on a caving expediton!' I exclaimed." Eyre, Cave Explorers 124
  • "Hawaii Island may at first appear to be an unusual venue for a caving expedition, for it is totally volcanic and geologically very yound." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 4
caving experience
  • "I was completely fascinated with the mystery and excitement of this, my first caving experience." Eyre, Cave Explorers 3
  • "People with no caving experience who are interested in joining CRF can join a caving organization such as the National Speleological Society to get some experience before moving on to some challenging caving with CRF at Mammoth." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 105
  • "However, we made many firm friends and the huge river caves of Slovenia have since given me some fine caving experiences." Eyr, Cave Explorers 101
caving exploration "The first step in a caving exploration is to leave daylight behind and momentarily to abandon everything that makes it so pleasant: the light and warmth of the sun, the sounds of nature, the scents of wet grass and warm soil". Crochet, Guiraud, Symponie 19
caving fatality "They were Scotland's first recorded caving fatalities." Mills, Fingals Cave 172
caving film
  • "Sid Perou ist certainly the best known cave film-maker in the U.K. and is now gathering international acclaim for his caving films." CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with Sid Perou 7
  • "One of the difficulties with caving films generally is that the preconceived notions of the public and the media have been forced on the subject." CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with Sid Perou 9
caving fraternity
  • "Edmund J. Mason....It was a challenge and an adventure and I appreciated the companionship of the caving fraternity..but there is a good deal more in caving than mere adventure." Crane, Cave 66
  • "It might be said that the six lads who were missing constituted the cream of the caving fraternity of that time." Eyre, Cave Explorers 193
  • "The bulk of the local caving fraternity is little involved in this exploration, which is largely conducted by mainland parties." Kiernan, Caves of Tasmania 39
caving function "If this also fails the offending individuals or clubs could be blacklisted from caving functions, such as conferences, and newsletter exchanges discontinued." Thompson, Speleo-Piracy p 3
caving gear
  • "Around 100 m from the cliff, we felt a superb cooling draught, and with an entrance of 30 m x 15 m we excitedly changed into our caving gear." Limbert, Phong Nha, p 6
  • "I was fairly well placed to make caving gear, but apart from the scaling pole used in the Glaz and ladders for the Berger, the question hadn't really arisen." CI interview with Fernand Petzl  56
caving group
  • "Along with members of the British Speleologicla Association and other fledgling caving groups we discover many miles of passages in thix complex cave, narrowly avoid being drowned in a flood." Eyre, Cave Explorers 29
  • "The concept of racing in caves was met with strong opposition from NZ caving groups and ACKMA members." Carden, The Race
  • "While exploration of the same cave by rival caving groups has some history, it is a history  blurred by the building upon the findings of others and by the flow of individual cavers between groups." Hoemann, Viewpoint 16
caving history "The most notorious story in British caving history involves a twenty-year-old Oxford philosophy student called Neill Moss." McFarlane, Underland 40
caving hut
  • "I moved into the caving hut as many have done before, lived on next to nothing, spent all the money I had in the bank over the first year, put forward an idea to make a film about Gaping Ghyll and had it turned down." CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with Sid Perou 9
  • "At least in Wales you could stay at the caving hut, even though the men were segregated from the women." Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 7
caving information "For up-to-date caving informtion there is The British Caver (established 1936), published twice a year and obtainalbe from Tony Oldham, 17 Freemantle Road, Eastville, Bristol, at 75p post free." Oldham, Discovering Caves 51
caving interest "Before, it remained a topic of local caving interests, for example, in Australia, in the western United States, on Tenerife, Siciliy, and Iceland." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
caving journal "If this fails a campaign in the caving journals could be started to embarass the pirates." Thompson, Speleo-Piracy p 3
caving kit "Life jackets were added to personal caving kit and other useful equipment included an extending sectional metal ladder to more more easily up and down some of the sea cliffs and to reach the upper levels of McKinnon's Cave where normal climbing methods had been ruled out due to excessive amounts of seabirg guano on the ledges." Mills, Fingals Cave 175
caving ladder
  • "Never climb a caving ladder in boots with hook fastenings, they always snag." Oldham, Scotland viii
  • "Bagshawe Cavern..A 30-foot pothole, or shaft which requires a caving ladder for descent, may be seen in the floor, but the show cave continues upstream from this point in a wide, boulderstrewn sandy floored, dry, stream passage, containg some interesting ripple marks in the sand - a reminder of the presence of water in caves." Oldham, Discovering Caves
caving literature
  • His contributions to caving literature are highly amusing and have been avidly read." Eyre, Cave Explorers VIII
  • "He later recalled the service, in what has become among the most celebrated passages of caving literature for its convergence of theology and geology..." McFarlane, Underland 195
caving magazine
  • "Following the creation of the Society of Speleology in 1895, the first caving magazine in the world, Spelunca, was born in 1895." Chirol, A history 7
  • "Yet another another caving magazine on the market." Thompson, A Note from the Publisher 1-1978, p 2
caving market "At the moment I#m working on climbing films, partly because I feel the caving market wants a rest and partly because it's a new venture and gives me a new interest." CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with Sid Perou 15
caving mate "It was during this wild weekend that I met Wingnut's cronies: Reg Howard, who was later to prove a long-serving caving mate;..." Eyre, Cave Explorers 122
caving methods
  • "Being constantly transferred made caving difficult for me, either because I could find no team-mates or because I found the caving methods of the clubs I did join not to my taste." Courbon, PSM 22
  • "British, American, and French caving methods tend to develop on a national scale because of the large numbers of cavers in those countries." Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 8
caving news
  • "Implicit in this offer is the assumption that Caving International will be published on time, especially in the summer and fall when caving news is the most interesting." "There are various major caving projects planned in Europe, particularly in the big Austrian caves, and in North America, notably in Wyoming and Montana, where large, deep alpine caves await exploration." Thompson, Editorial 3-1979, p 2
  • "As the title implies we want to cover the international caving scene by reporting on expeditions in new areas, caving news from abroad, and developments in caving equipment and techniques regardless of their country of origin." Thompson, A Note from the Publisher 1-1978, p 2
caving object "AA CAve (Lindenmayr) 03..An unidentified caving object where one of two expedition cavers was able to notice the first of two distinct but unspecified cave entrances." Gebauer, Lumshnong 17
caving organization
  • "People with no caving experience who are interested in joining CRF can join a caving organization such as the National Speleological Society to get some experience before moving on to some challenging caving with CRF at Mammoth." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 105
  • "It may be that the methods of sample selection biased the results in favour of more experienced, well-known older cavers who are affiliated with caving organisations." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
  • "Exploration and survey of lava caves is mostly carried out by private caving organiszatios and not by the professional volcanological community." Laumanns, Krong No Volcanic Park  8
caving party
  • "If a caving party doesn't return on time, people on surface watch can check the entrance the party used and begin rescue procedures if needed." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 107
  • "The sequence of discoveries has been described but any caving party visiting the area may still find new passages by a more detailed examination of a known cave and may even find entirely new caves." Tratman, NW-Clare 31
caving population "In the past three decades caving has made real progress. Clubs, organisations and associactions have mushroomed, alongside a great upsurge in the caving population." Thompson, Viewpoint 12-1981, p 3
caving potential "Caving potential on Sri Lanka must be about nil." Wilson, Southern Sri Lanka 23
caving practice "However, although we were not getting much strenous caving practice thus far we were gradually getting used to the ridiculously hot and sticky conditions and felt it was high time we struck out into the mountains." Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1979): The Underworld of Mulu, part 2, Caving International Magazine 2, p 3
caving problem "Against the slap-happy, carefree attitude of the eternal amateur of the forties, the modern caver is more serious and enquiring, demanding definite answers to caving problems." Eyre, Cave Explorers 263
caving project
  • "There are various major caving projects planned in Europe, particularly in the big Austrian caves, and in North America, notably in Wyoming and Montana, where large, deep alpine caves await exploration." Thompson, Editorial 3-1979, p 2
  • "What are the important caving projects underway in France just now?" Paul Courbon, Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, p 15
  • "Cavers from all over the world are waiting for news from certain caving projects." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 13-1981, 27
caving region "Now in the 1970 with motorways leading from every caving region to Scotland, the legions of cavers are following in the footsteps of the climbers, and discovering for themselves the advantages of Britain's most underrated caving area." Oldham,  Scotland v
caving rights "The caving rights over Pant Mawr moor are vested in the S.W.C.C. and persons wishing to visit the cave should apply for written permission to the Hon. Secretary." Stratford, South Wales 68
caving scene
  • "The BSA and the immediate post-war British caving scene was dominated by Eli Simpson, a fine old caver." Eyre, Cave Explorers 29
  • "We were sad that we could not bring a team back home, teach them a technique or two and inject a new breed of hard men into the Britisch caving scene." Frankland, Los Tayos 13
  • "There's still a great del to be done on the caving scene yet." CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with Sid Perou 15
caving season "This committee is responsible for the conservation and protection of the cave throughout the winter caving season." Brändli, The Hölloch 17
caving section "I continued to cave, but with the caving section of the alpine club in Grenoble." CI interview with Fernand Petzl 56
caving situation "Develop a list of typical caving situations where the advantages or disadvantages of solo caving are clearly demonstrated." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
caving society
  • "For my sources of information I have leaned heavily on the publications of two of the leading caving societies of Scotland - The Grampian Speleological Group and the Glasgow Speleological Society." Oldham, Scotland iii
  • "Since the release of the book there has been a handful of dedicated cavers continuing the exploration of the karst on a consistent basis, although many other caving societies have made significant contributions." Ellis, Wombeyan 167
caving subculture "Notable among these caver artists, whose work is intended to appeal to a caving subculture rather than to have resonance with a broader artistic culture, are Robin Gray and Rhian Hicks." Crane, Cave 122
caving suit "Abyss of Trebiciano....On the walls are nineteenth-century aquatints of the region, and orange caving suits hung on pegs." McFarlane, Underland 201
caving summer "Have a good caving summer." Thompson, Editorial 3-1979, p 2
caving supply
  • "He commented on the lack of what he regarded as an important caving supply: I felt most irritated by the strict application of the Anti-alcohol laws in the dry State of Kentucky." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 104
  • "They first prepare a detailed list of both bivouac and caving supplies necessary for their 10-day expediton." Brändli, The Hölloch 15
caving team
  • "In 2012 a 200-strong European caving team led by Rémy Limagne attempted to explore and map the far reaches of this vast system, now ranked the 28th deepest cave in the world." Crane, Cave 78
  • "When the original caving team reached Borneo via the kind services of the RAF, the expedition base camp at Long Pala was reached by a 290 kilometre journey up the Baram, Tutoh and Melinau Rivers from the town of Miri." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, 3
  • "The caving team carried on investigating other openings in the sheer walls of the valley." Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1979): The Underworld of Mulu, part 2, Caving International Magazine 2, p 3
caving technique
  • "Need and experiment led to new caving techniques and advances in equipment." Crane, Cave 78
  • "I should mention that a preliminary cleaning of the ledges and the use of modern caving techniques which prevent the rope from causing rockfalls considerably limits the danger." Courbon, PSM 22
  • "The pit of the Valley of Sighs was going to prove difficult to explore, demanding cavers in top physical shape, having a complete mastery of caving techniques." Le Provencal, Beneath 41
caving thriller "The heroine of Nevada Barr's caving thriller Blind Descent (2009) experiences the 'shock of light deprivation' deep in Lechuguilla Cave." Crane, Cave 21
caving tour
  • "Tirkey, a (2002) composed a professional wording which provides a touching cave conservation message supported by a readable narrative of a recreational caving tour into Krem Krharasnliang illuminated with carbide lamps." Gebauer, Lumshnong 133
  • "The same applies to guided caving tours, which give novices the opportunity to experience the thrill of adventure." Crochet, Guiraud, Symponie 19
caving trip
  • "However, apart from this incident, we had an enjoyable caving trip, and Saturday evening saw us, slightly bedraggled with mud behind our ears, heading for the back room of the Eagle where the local cavers congregated of a Saturday evening." Eyre, Cave Explorers 122
  • "A large swath was cut in the forest above the sink and a base camp established which, with hot showers, electric lights, log bunkrooms and a helipad, must equal anything ever seen on a caving trip." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 9
  • "The style in which a caving trip is done is something that everyone can think about." Thompson, Doing it in Style 3
caving vehicle "Only two years ago the highway was finally sealed, burying forever all potholes, corrugations and bull dust along the old road - and putting to an end a long era of beaten-up or rattled-to-death caving vehicles." Lewis, Nullabor Plain 3
caving weekend "The funding of research from my base here in Canada has been admirable, and it's the kind of situation in which a student can do very good work with the expenditure of money that he would spend anyway on his caving weekend." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 17
caving world
  • "Under the tutelagew of he father of modern French cave exploration, Norbert Casteret, Loubens led numerous mid twentieth-century explorations in the Pyrenees, which were at that time considered 'the Himalayas' of the caving world." McFarlane, Underland 193
  • "We are known outside the caving world, too." Watson, Red (1980): Speleologia The Zephyrus Press Experience, p 33
  • "In the past, efforts made by women on expeditions often go unrecognized by most of the caving world." Jill Dorman, Letter to the Editor, Caving Internatiional Magazine 9-1980, p 48
cavity
  • "The importance of collapse in cave formation has frequently been overestimated, as it can only be a secondary process; collapse can only take place into a previously opened cavity." Waltham, North-West England 95
  • "Due to the large, hall-like cavity that formed, a secondary roof froze out over the active flow of Huehue."  Kempe, Lava Caves 53
cemetery cave "One cemetery cave near Ahu Akahana was also examined." Ciszewski, Easter Island 44
central cave "These central caves are not the only virtual caves." Kempe, Kircher 61
chasm cave "A group of fabulous chasm caves in gravitationally or tectonically dislocated gneiss or granite." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 19
cliff cave "Cliff caves are those where the entrance is at the base or in the side of a cliff." Balch,Glacières 120
cliff-foot cave
  • "These incluce cliff-foot caves, shallow horizontal caves due to the sideways solution by flood waters and saturated soil, but these do not seem to be as frequent as might be expected to explain the very steep sides of many of the peaks right down to depression floors." Jennings, Karst in China 12
  • "Cliff-foot caves and swamp caves are rare but abandoned river cave entrances are common at least to heights of 50 metres." Jennings, Karst in China 13
coastal cave "Coastal karst areas often host many indices of past sea level changes, such as marine terraces, fossiliferous sediments, tidal notches and coastal caves." Angeli et al., Pleistozene Sea Level Changes 29
commercial cave
  • "The occasional tourist visiting a commercial cave." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 258
  • "In the pages that follow, the commercial caves at Wombeyan will be described and their special features elaborated on." Ellis, Wombeyan 41
  • "Most commercial caves are open all year round." Oldham, Discovering Caves 4
continental cave "For most of its length the passage is an average of 20 feet high and 30 feet wide, presenting a tremendous spectacle, equalled only in some of the continental caves." Oldham, Discovering Caves 8
deep-caving "But the organisation was handled magnificently by P. Rias and F. Guillaume (a woman and also so deep-caving doctor)." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 12-1981, p 14
drainage cavern "Remnants of fossil drainage cavern in the ice were easily observed there." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 31
dripstone cave "The eponymous hero of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is lost in a dripstone cave with Becky Thatcher." Crane, Cave 123
dry cave "One or two sea caves and four other dry caves in Da Nang province with an emphasis on swiftlet nest-harvesting were described by Nguyen Quang & Voisin (1997), Laumanns, South Vietnam part 1, p 40
dry caver "Sumps created an obstacle that was for dry cavers unsolvable problem." Hutnan, Grotta del Bue Marino - Sardinia 97
embryo cave "At this time the embryo cave would have lain deeper in the marble than at present, where the ceiling is only some eight meters below the surface." Ellis, Wombeyan 41
entrance cavern "Presently we can see into the great entrance cavern or hall." Baird, Rawhiti Cave
erosional cave "Erosional caves in lava may eitheer be formed by waves along coasts or by running water." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
erosion cave "Kongerati Cave south of Adelaide in Precambrian siltstone is an emerged marine erosion cave." Jennings, Man and other animals 97
expedition caver "Krem Umpieh...The origin, history and meaning of the recorded Khasi cave name "Krem Umpieh" has never been identified by expert expediton cavers and remains till today safely secured in the realm of the thick fog or, if you prefer, the abode of clouds." Gebauer,  Lumshnong 146
facsimile cave "To protect the paintings from further damage caused by years of heavy visitor traffic...both caves have been closed to the public with facsimile caves built nearby - Lascaux II and Altamira II - affording visitors a vivid impression of both the prehistoric artwork and the original grottoes themselvers." Crane, Cave 108
Lascaux II
fairy cave "Beautifully formed stalactites hang like crystal pendants from every crag, and lustrous petrifications, operating like reflectors, remind ne of the fairy caves in a splendid pantomine." Clarke, A Mystery Cave in New Zealand
family cave "Katherine Routledge....She found out that some locals had forgotten where were situated the hidden entrances of the family caves." Ciszewski, Easter Island 21
feeder cave "The other is the rising of much Spring Creek, in a series of springs about 11 kilometres south of where the large feeder caves are located." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 22
final cave "Thus, these passages, if they are not filled by lava surges, generally form low mazes near the ceiling of the final cave." Kempe, Galapagos 150
fissure cave
  • "Secondary caves form also in lava, including fissure caves, pit craters and erosional caves such as sea caves and caves formed by stream erosion such as Kuka'iau Cave, Hawaii." Kempe, Lava Caves 49
  • "Dong Tam Cung is a large phreatic fissure cave developed in the bedding of the dipping limestone." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 6
  • "Along the Great Crack, the southwest rift zone of the Kilaunea, several essentially tectonic fissure caves have been explored, including Pit H (183 m deep) and the Wood Vallex pit Crater (90 m deep)." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
flank margin cave "The combination of a detailed knowledge of marine terraces and the study of some flank margin caves located at various altitudes have allowed to reconstruct the speleogenetic history of the the coastal plain of Cornin-Custonaci (NW Sicily)." Angeli et al., Pleistozene Sea Level Changes 29
flow cave "Thus Seven Stars Cave started epiphreatically just below a high plain level, was deepened as a vadose flow cave and then replaced by a lower cave in accord with the present plain, but with flow in the reverse sense." Jennings, Karst in China 13
foot cave "Many of the towers have very old cave remnants preserved within them, and many have foot caves that are relics of their undercutting at various levels." Waltham, Ha Long Bay p 4
giant cave "This is the return to Mulu and that paradise of giant caves in Sarawak." Waltham, The British Caving Scene 9-1980, p 23
glacier cave
  • "We rediscovered flakefall as a special hazard of glacier caves." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 32
  • "This is perhaps the glacier cave in Switzerland which is easiest to visit, and my inspection intensivfied my belief in what I consider the correct explanation of some of the pnehomena in glacières." Balch,Glacières 70
  • "Some glacier caves form on the surface of glaciers when streams widen crevasses to produce open pits called "moulins". Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 312
glacier ice cave "During a rather protracted stay a Saas-Fee in Switzerland, I visited the glacier ice cave of the Fee Glacier on the 15th and 16th of August, 1897, both cool and rainy days." Balch,Glacières 69
glacière cave "The entrances of glacière caves also vary greatly in their dimensions." Balch,Glacières 121
glowworm cave "New Zealand is famous for its glowworm caves." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 329
glyph cave "Exploration of Mud Glyph Cave in Tennessee (in the 1980s) and other glyph caves in the southern Appalachians revealed the dark zone to be the scene of prehistoric ceremonial acitivity and suggested that ceremonial decoration of cave walls in the southeastern United States was practiced for several thousand years, from the Late Archaic through the early historic periods." Crane, Cave 111
gneiss cave
  • "While little has been written about Sri Lankan gneiss caves, two explanations for the origin of the caves have emerged in the literature." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 283
  • "Tunnel caves are a common form of gneiss caves. They are tubes with an eliptical cross-section, which may be horizontal, vertical or sloping depending on the structural setting." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
granite cave "Basedow (1914) found stone ladders built by Aborigines of the Mt. Gosse Range in northwestern South Australia to get into granite caves in which owls and insecitvorous bats lived." Jennings, Man and other animals 106
group caving "It has never been proven scientifically or objectively anywhere by anyone that solo caving is unsafe or contributes to higher accident rates than does group caving." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
group of caves "The main cave at Kilcorney prsents features not generally found in the other group of caves as it gives tne only known point of access to a cave system associated with a turlough or disappearing lake." Tratham, NW-Clare 15
guest caver
  • "Can guest cavers visit the System without becoming JVs?" Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 12
  • "A guest caver may not go underground with the Foundation unless he or she is a JV." Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 12
gypsum cave
  • "Kungur Cave is a gypsum cave located in the Urals near the city of Kungur in Russia on the right bank of the Sylva River." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 109
  • "Forti (2004) cites work by himself and Postpischl where that looked at two gypsum caves and reconstructed the seismic history of the Bologna region in Italy ove the last 1200 years with an average error of +/- 11 years." Spate, Did the earth move
half-cave "Gangodedeniya Galge..A huge fallen boulder forms a spacious "Halbhöhle" oder "half-cave" (rock shelter) near a small spring of water and, deducting from the tracks, play ground of numerous animals." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 69
head of the cave "The passages nearest the head of the cave have only been surveyed to grade 2 and their positions and total length are estimated, but the two entry points are fixed." Tratmann, NW-Clare 196
hydrogen-sulphide cave "This is another interesting research area, but as far as I know we don't have any hydrogen-sulphide caves in this part of the world" Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 8
ice cave
  • "It was against this impressive background that we shouldered our packs and began the long climb up the mountain in search of Casteret's famous ice caves, and the higher we climbed, the more impressive became the scenery." Eyre, Cave Explorers 74
  • "In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein the tortured monster finds refuge in ice caves remote from human habitation." Crane, Cave 125
  • "A few scratches with the axe - the most invaluable fried in an ice cave - were necessary at one place to improve our footing." Balch, Glacières 22
in-and-out cave
  • "Tinted Cave is a complex in-and-out cave, being the remnant of old routes of Mares Forest Creek." Ellis, Wombeyan 51
inflation cave "Inflation caves are characterized by roofs built of one or several sheets, sometimes more than ten continuous sheets of lava." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 867
inland cave "The first Czech expedition to Sardinia in 1987 examined the inland caves of mountains Monte Alba and Supramonte, also coastal springs of the west coast." Hutnan, Grotta del Bue Marino - Sardinia 98
jungle cave "Who else had set out to explore remote jungle caves to ascertain whether, as claimed by von Däniken, these extensive passages were made by spacemen from another culture on another planet using lasers and thermal lances?" Frankland, Los Tayos 11
karst cave
  • "During Spring, 1980, a preliminary investigation was conducted into alpha-radiation concentrations in karst caves of the Transvall, South Africa." Gamble, Alpha-Radiation 254
  • Compared with Europe and North America, Australia is poorly endowed with karst caves, not only because of its relative poverty in carbonate rocks but also because much of the continent is dry and lacks much relief." Jennings, Man and other animals 96
  • "In addition to rockshelters, boulder caves, tectonic caves and carbonate karst caves developed in marble and dolomitie four distinct types of caves, Tunnel Caves, Block Breakdown Caves, Arch Caves and Network Caves have been recognized in Proterozoic gneiss and Cambrian granite in Sri Lanka." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
lava cave
  • "Since then, the number of caves and the kilometers surveyed my members of thee Hawaiian Speleological Survey and other organizations has been multiplied by a factor probably close to 100; illustrating the outstanding role of the Hawaiian volcanism in the understand of the underlying processes responsible for lave cave genesis." Kempe, Galapagos 144
  • "The lava caves are found mostly in Cameroon and Kenya." Striniati, Caving in Africa 27
  • "Only in Italy do we know of lava caves in early areas of literate civilization and learing." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 172
lava cave class "Apart from the standard notion that lave cave are simple, uninteresting and featureless circular "tubes", many different processes serve to create a scor of various lava cave classes, with more being discovered from year to year." Kempe, Lava Caves 49
lava cave entrance "Lava cave entrances are normally sudsided holes on the relavively fla basaltic floor, and many are covered by bushes, thick tropical vegetation." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 301
lava cave exploration "In spite of the tremendous progress made in lave cave exploration, we still are far from understanding all the features and processes that interact in form caves in volcanic rocks, specifically the large and extensive pyroduct systems." Kempe, Lava Caves 55
lava cave research "The beginning of lave cave research on Hawai'i in the 1970s and the consecutive acknowledgement of the enormous Haawai'an cave potential spurred activity there and worldwide, leading to the foundation of the Hawai'i Speleological Survey in 1989 during the International Congress of Speleology in Budapest, Hungar." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
lava cave symposia "At the International Congresses of Speleology have cave symposia are also held; the papers of the latest one in Kerrville, Texas, August 2009 are available..." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
lava cave system "For many years, Krongno local residents have frequented the caves to capture bats for food and their droppings for fertilizer. But they could not have realized the scientific values and the practical significance of the lave cave system." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 300
lava rise cave "Hollow tumuli, peripheral lava rise cave and drained holes: Tumulus is a morphological term describing a variety of hummocks or small hills rising above the general lava surface."  Kempe, Lava Caves 54
lava tube cave
  • "Prehistoric man investigated and used lava tube caves just as he did those in limestone." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 172
  • "Lava tube caves that contain underground streams have been reported from various parts of the world but various other structures are generally more important for groundwater movement." Kiernan, Middleton, Tube-Fed Lavas 40
  • "Objectives of the cave surveying is to know the lava tube cave distribution, each direction relative to the eruption point (crater) by measuring the lava tube cave position and length in the KVG area and to know the structure of each lava tube cave by measuring the height, width, slope anlge and oberserving the inner structure of wall, ceiling and floor." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 301
length of cave "The short length of cave known as Mutt's Cave and Cullaun 4 were found too." Tratham, NW-Clare 20
limestone cave
  • "The cave seemed to present much the same challenges and rewards as limestone caves - and its glistening." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 32
  • "The second tradition, called Karake after the cave where it was first seen, is characterized by deeply engraved and weathered circles, and has been found only in limestone caves in the Mount Gambier region." Crane, Cave 113
  • "Visiting limestone caves gives us a unique opportunity to see rocks and landscaped from the outside on the surface and from the inside as we travel through the caves." Ellis, Wombeyan 55
limestone dissolution cave "But during most of our literate centuries, limestone dissolution caves have been the type located closest to centers of population, learning, and travel. Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 172
littoral cave
  • "In Scotland a small littoral cave (a sea cave formed by wave action) was used as a shelter by St Ninian, the missionary who built the first Christian church in Scotland in 397 CE." Crane, Cave 149
  • "Littoral caves may reach respectable sizes and are rather common."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
loess cave "The third residence of Mao Tsedong that we had visited had the same arched shape as the loess caves and was called a cave even though this house was of free standing construction out in the open." Jennings, Karst in China 9
main cave
  • "Each section contains an area map, descriptions of the main caves and a list of lesser caves and sites of speleological interest." Stratford, South Wales 8
  • "Batu Caves...The main cave, known as Cathedral Cave or Temple Cave, is reached by climbing a steep flight of 272 steps and running a hazardous gauntlet of macaque monkeys." Crane, Cave 156
  • "The plans of the main caves at Wombeyan include both elements: network patterns following the major joints in the marble and straighter stream passages." Ellis, Wombeyan 66
major cave
  • "...Goldwater, which was found to be a tributary to the Clearwater system and would have been a major cave in its own right in any other karst area." Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1979): The Underworld of Mulu, part 2, Caving International Magazine 2, p 6
  • "Prehistoric cave art is not limited to major caves." Galant, Another look 89
  • "Among the other major caves of central Europe to be invesatigated in this century were Aggetelek in Hungary and now joined to the Czech cave of Domica." Shaw, cave science 25
marble cave "Unique to the Wombeyan marble caves are the symmetrical domes and arches generated by gthe unloading of the massive marble." Ellis, Wombeyan 40
marine cave "None is active in Ha Long Bay, because their sites have been invaded by the sea to become the marine caves." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 7
marine notch cave "There are three types of caves in the limestone islands - remnants of old phreatic caves, old karstic foot caves, and marine notch caves." Waltham, Ha Long Bay 6
master cave
  • "Consequently the term 'master cave' should cease to have any genetic significance, though it may well still be used to describe a main cave streamway having numerous tributaries." Waltham, North-West England 99
  • "Unfortunately it has no great length, and though at the bottom they've met a large stream, probably from Sunset Hole, the hoped for master cave has not yet materialized - but exploration is not finished yet." Waltham, The British Caving Scene 9-1980 p 23
  • "In one, Jambusan, 11 kilometres of passage were surveyed including two river systems and a master cave." Eavis, Willis, Dodd, Cathay-Pacific Airways MULU 80, p 18
maternity cave "There ar no maternity caves at Wombeyan." Ellis, Wombeyan 124
maze cave
  • "They include small notches at the foot of cliffs and also more extensive horizontal maze caves." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 7
  • "..the right-hand rule..This is a technique developed by the Moldywarps for maze cave surveying to ensure you keep on top  of all the open passages!" Loveridge, Labyrinthine Labours 44
medecinal cave "Aggtelek National Park in Hungary offers not only recreational cave tours for tourists but also speleotherapy for children with asthma in Beke Cave, which was declared a medicinal cave in 1965." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  98
micro cave "A large, passable cave can only be formed by a large stream, but in this area all the near-surface drainage is in the form of small trickles of water in comparably small micro-caves." Waltham, North-West England 102
monster cave "France even held a new world depth record for 20 years in the Gouffre Jean-Bernard (Haute-Savoie) with - 1602 m, before the arrival of other "monster caves" such as the neighboring Gouffre Mirolda with - 1.733 m in 2003." Chirol, A history 7
mountain cave
  • "In the sixth century CE the Buddhist Bodhidharma spent nine years in deep meditation in a mountain cave near Shao Lin Temple in Le-yang, China." Crane, Cave 149
  • "This has taken place in mountain caves situated at a high altitude at times when the air outside has dropped below freezing point during the night."  Balch,Glacières 140
natural cave
  • "It is contrasted with the infinite, 'savage' beauty of the natural caves, the 'caverns measureless to man' and the 'caves of ice'." Crane, Cave 129
  • "In the second part of the chapter he deliberates more on the natural caves that are those that the 'divine wisdom' installed in the interior of earth for the natural necessities." Kempe, Kircher 61
  • "The accidental discovery of natural caves when they were intersected by mine workings has already been mentioned." Shaw, cave science 59
network cave
  • "There is less evidence of old network caves here than in the other group of caves at Wombeyan, however the plan of Fig Tree Cave and some of the features found in its more remote sections suggesrt that these caves were not all formed as streamways." Ellis, Wombeyan  68
  • "In addition to rockshelters, boulder caves, tectonic caves and carbonate karst caves developed in marble and dolomitie four distinct types of caves, Tunnel Caves, Block Breakdown Caves, Arch Caves and Network Caves have been recognized in Proterozoic gneiss and Cambrian granite in Sri Lanka." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
nitre cave "At the turn of the 19th century, the sediment of the nitre caves in Sri Lanka had been exploited for potassium nitrate, an important ingradient in the manufacture of gun powder, which is obtained by mixing it with sulphur and carbon." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 9
non-cave find "Marsupials must go back even farther than the limit to which non-cave finds at present take them, namely the Oligocenne-Eocene boundary, so Australian speleologists have reason to be on the alert for cave bone depositis of ancient aspect." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 123
non-caver
  • "The non-caver who reads this book will gain some insight into the fascination of a sport that provides an apt challenge for the adventurous young." Eyre, Cave Explorers VIII
  • "But for non-cavers, the idea of going underground stimulates horror as often as ist inspires exploration und adventure, not least because of the powerful association of caves with tombs." Crane, Cave 13
  • "It's difficult to educate non-cavers and the general public if you don't want to expose themto caving." Tom Rea on, 26
non-caving
  • "We should like some clarification on the following points: if cavers do not support your magazine, will you sell it to the non-caving public?" Thompson, Caving International Service oc Disservice to Caves and Caving? p 2
  • "I cannot guarantee that copies of the magazine will not get into the hands of the non-caving public, but by only selling through specialty shops and my mail order the problem is minimized." Thompson, Caving International Service oc Disservice to Caves and Caving? p 2
non-tourist cave "These "adventure" caves with free access such as Porte Cochère on the Margeriaz (Bauges massif), Tune cave (Devoluy) or the through-route Aven Yvon-Aven des Jurassiens in caille (Alpes-Maritime)." Gauchon, News about underground tourism 93
novice cave "The Lincoln National Forest of New Mexico has established a system that requires two or more cavers per trip to even enter their novice caves." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 21
novice caver "I myself took a party of novice cavers down Rowten during what I thought was settled weather, and after only suffering heavy spray on the main pitch, we had an enjoyable time exploring the rest of the cave." Eyre, Jim (1981): The Cave Explorers, The Stalactite Press, Calgary 59
open-access cave "It remains essentially a wild cave, with some modest infrastructure for its use as an 'adventure cave', although DOC does not currently run tours there - it is an 'open access' cave." Baird, Rawhiti Cave
obstruction cave "Much smaller "obstruction caves" (formed by plastic bridging of the ice past rock obstructions) had been mentioned in the geological and glaciological literature of the post-war years." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 33
oracle cave "Kircher starts this chapter by citing Jacobus Gaffarellus.., who, in his work "Mundo Subterraneo", divided caves into five categories: Divine, human, animal, natural and artificial. In detail, the devine group contains caves where angels have appeared...the catacombs in Rome, oracle caves and caves of fauns, dryads and nymphs, among others." Kempe, Kircher 61
original cave
  • "cave on Gellert Hill....In 1926 the original cave, which consisted of an entrance room and connecting niches, was expanded by Pauline monks to establish a grotto chapel which copied that at Lourdes." Crane, Cave 153
  • "This consists of a column of limestone blocks which have fallen progressively from th roof of a cave, so that the void has migrated upwards, from the original cave below sea level." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 7
outflow cave "The outflow cave, Chingshi, has a mean discharge of 33 m³/second and a range of 4-390 m³/second, making it one of the world's largest karst springs."  Jennings, Karst in China 16
outlet cave "However these sediments are not everywhere in the karstic system, they are mostly concentrated in two key points. the pro-glacial sinkhole and the outlet cave." Jaillet, French mountain caves 30
parc cave "The Job Corps personnel break into and vandalize the park caves several times a year (on the average) even though they are gated and locked." Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 13
particular cave "Those who ignore basic courtesies in caving, such as keeping caves clean, and cooperating with other groups who may be acitively exploring a cave, tend to start reverbations that go far beyond a particular cave or incident." Thompson, Expedition Ethics 3
pilot cave "The potentially most vulnerable unbroken as well as broken stalactites were measured in a pilot cave (Milandre, Switzerland)." Spate, Did the earth move 
pit cave
  • "The Friedrichsteiner Eishöhle is a large pit cave, well lighted by daylight." Balch,Glacières 52
  • "Pit caves are those where a pit or pits open into the ground, and the ice is found at the bottom." Balch,Glacières 119
pothole cave "Tidal Well...no locally known name has been identified for this drowned pothole cave, which is more often than not called after the village of Puttur." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 178
pre-cave surface "The original pre-cave surface drainage was by the major Aughoonla valley which debouched from the shale west of the Doolin Road Sink, and the water ran along the shale edge to join the Aille in the region of Roadford." Tratman, NW-Clare 200
pressure ridge cave
  • "Another class is that of pressure ridge caves." Kempe, Lava Caves 39
  • "Hammam Cave N...A pressure ridge cave explored by a Jordan-German team in 2009." Laumanns & Langford, Jordan 106
primary cave
  • "Primariy/endogenous cave or syngenetic cave is formed in running lava flows, the gradually cool and become solidified." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 316
  • "Within the family of lava caves or, perhaps more accurately, volcanic rock caves we find both primary and secondary caves." Kempe et al., Galapagos 146
principal cave "In addition he seems to have been the first, besides the local fishermen, actually to explore the principal caves associated with the sinks and risings of the Cerknica lake, including the Velika nd Karla Karlovica." Shaw, cave science 28
prisoner's cave "The Ana-Kio type includes the prisoners' caves tht are natural, usually bigger und converted into living quarters." Ciszewski, Easter Island 35
protocave
  • "Perhaps most importantly, a hole or fissure in rock so small to admit a human body is not a cave; in caver parlance it does not 'go', but for scientists it may turn out to be a 'protocave' if hydrological or geological processes widen the cave to allow human entry." Crane, Cave 10
  • "..some of these are described below and they have a bearing on the more complex theories of development of the initial'protocaves'." Waltham, North-West England 80
  • "The size criterion is arbitrary and subjective, but practical, as it eliminates narrow openings, irrelevant to explorers but very significant hydrologically, that may be better referred to as proto-caves, sub-conduits or fissures." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 199
ramiform cave "Where fresh water discharge is slightly more important than salt water intrusion, ramiform caves develop, with passages modified by mixing corrosion processes also far inland." Angeli et al., Pleistozene Sea Level Changes 30
recreational cave "It is apparent that in view of the fairly high reading obtained, the fact that many occur in high intensity recreational caves, and the fact that concentrations are likely to be higher at other times of year, further investigation should be undertaken." Gamble, Alpha-radiation  259
reference cave "Some of the latter are regarded as reference caves and access to them is extremely restricted in order to preserve their pristine nature and special contents, such as rare invertebrate fauna and especially delicate speleothems." Ellis, Wombeyan 51
resurgence cave "The Dalum resurgence cave, which drains part of the plateau, was extended to 1,200 metres by the Swiss." Bourke, Papua New Guinea 22
resurgent cave "Pool Bank Cave in Whitbarrow Scar is an active resurgent cave located at the base of the limestone." Waltham, NW-England 221
rift cave
  • "Two caves were sketched: a rift cave (Grosse Lisan-Klufthöhle, 34 m long) as well as a short and low-roofed cave formed in a bedding plane (4 m long)." Laumanns & Longford, Jordan 103
  • "Striniati & Aellen limited their interest on zoological aspects and decided to coung rajagiri-lena among the biospeleologically less important caves or rock shelters, which consists either of rift caves or of halb dark overhangs." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 129
rift cave passage "An apparently about 1 m wide and more than 2 m high cave entrance gives access to a scramble down into a rift cave passage (Lindenmayr, F undated 2015.01.09 cave ..)." Gebauer, Lumshnong 10
rival cave "The Cheddar Caves in Somerset claim to be the first tourist show caves in Britain, with two then rival caves operating by the mid-nineteenth century: Cox's Cave, known to have been open to visitors in 1837; and Gough's Old Cave which was operating as a show cave by 1869." Crane, Cave 161
river cave
  • "The river caves of hrusica were not to be ours on this trip." Eyre, Cave Explorers 100
  • "Llygad Llwchwr...A fine river cave with a large series of upper level dry passages." Stratford, South Wales 82
  • "The nearest river cave from the base camp was Cave of the Winds, which could be entered by boat, for it was right on the bank of the Melinau River." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, 5
river meander cave "Walls Cave, an archeological site in the Blue Mountains, is an abandoned river meander cave." Jennings, Man and other animals 97
rock cave
  • "This pit seemed to be more of the nature of a gully filled with winter snow, than a true rock cave containg ice." Balch, Glacière 2
  • "The third cave is met amidst a conclave of rock boulders where is sheltered another rock cave where the Tripitakayas were written on ola leaves by the ancient Buddhist monks." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 27
  • "Other primary volcanic rock caves also occur in many different types: pressure ridge cavities, Hollow imprints of trees and animals, partings along the central plane of lave sheets, hollow tumuli, drained lava tongues, volcanic vents and there may be more to be discovered."  Kempe, Lava Caves 54
sacred cave "In striking contrast to the world famous rock temples of continental India, the sacred caves of Sri Lanka generally consist not of artificially excavated rock temples but of modified natural caves and rock shelters." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 12
salpeter cave "Wilkin's brother-in-law Payton Short owned Short Cave, a nearby saltpeter cave where miners found three American Indian mummies." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 83
salt cave
  • "Salt caves in eastern Europe are also used to promote health." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  98
  • "Iran has the second longest natural sal cave in the world with more than six kilometers of explorable passages." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 284
sandstone cave
  • "As for the sandstone caves, they are found primarily in West Africa and around Capetown." Striniati, Caving in Africa 27
  • "In 1838 Lieutenant George Grey, afterwards governor of South Australia, visited two separate sandstone caves in the vicinity of the Glenelg River in north-west Australia." Shaw, cave science 16
  • "This was an isolated effort and those early days saw chiefly the removal of thick shell middens from the sandstone caves around Sydney for lime burning and fertiliser." Jennnings,  J.N. (1979): Man and other animals in Australian caves and shelters: a review, Trans. British Cave Research Assoc., Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 107
sea cave
  • "The second grroup contains sea-caves, caves formed by the erosion of water and tectonic caves." Kempe, Galapagos 46
  • "Meanwhile, some sea caves have been turned into shelters of boats, while those in remote mountainous areas were used as hiding places by bandits and outlaws." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 104
  • "A sea cave is also the subject of Sir Edward John Poynter's The Cave of the Storm Nymps, first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1903." Crane, Cave 117
sealevel cave "They are tidal, as sea water moves freely through the limestone, at some sites through sealevel caves which are travesable by boat, but at other sites through inaccessible fissure networks."  Waltham, Ha Long Bay p 5
secondary cave
  • "Secondary cave or post-genetic cave is formed in a volcanic complex where both explosive eruption and fissural eruption intermediately occur." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 316
  • "Within the family of lava caves or, perhaps more accurately, volcanic rock caves we find both primary and secondary caves." Kempe et al., Galapagos 146
sepulchral cave "The sepulchral caves of the holy commonly became sites of devotion, which in turn were marked by the construction of a place of worship of some kind, a temple, a church or a mosque." Crane, Cave 148
shoreline cave "In the Sydney region it has been suggested that different caves were sought at different seasons, the more exposed outer shoreline caves giving place to others along the more sheltered estuaries in wintertime." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 116
show cave
  • "Did he dream of the possibility of turning Lancaster Hole into a show cave?" Eyre, Cave Explorers 30
  • "In tourist caves or 'show caves', artificial light and paved pathways conceal the subtle transition between the entrance zone and the darker zone where sunlight still penetrates." Crane, Cave 20
  • Elisa Kagan from the Institute of Earth Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem interviewed two employees of Soreq Cave, a show cave in Israel, who were in the cave during a 5.1-magnitude earthquake on February 11, 2004." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 16
    grotte de Saint-Marcel, Ardèche, F
show cave entrance "Peak Cavern...The only previous cavers' entrance to this cave was the 23 m dive of Treasury Sump since the show cave entrance is barred to all but a chosen few." Proudlove, Peak Cavern 
show cave location "We all had to wear hard hats, a not-uncommon requirement at some show cave locations in New Zealand." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
show cave owner "We are very grateful to all the show cave owners and managers who have supplied up-to-date information on their caves." Oldham, Discovering Caves 51
side cave "Fa Hien Lena...The cave has been divided into four sections of which the left side cave is the largest and  is the centre of it." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 62
single-entrance cave "The caves were monitored to provide...sack, or single-entrance caves, and transit, or multiple-entrance caves." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 257
sister cave "It is unclear why both Carlsbad and Lechuguilla are so much larger than their sister caves, but Lechuguilla obviously shares with other Guadelupe caves an unusual moder of origin in which sulphuric acid caused a major part of the cavern enlargement." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 426
snout cave "Helm Glacier, B.C.......Only small snout caves were found, but a pond filling the base of a huge moulin some distance up-glacier was intriguing." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 34
snow cave "For a time they navigated routinely by compass in a whiteout that limited visibility to a few metres, but windchill forced them to dig an inadequate snow cave." Halliday, Glaciospeleology  32
solo caver "The fact that the list is so short might indicate that solo caving is insignificant, if it were not for the fact that practically the entire list of solo cavers are people who are respected for their accomplishments in caving and include a number of well-known cave organisation leaders." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 20
solo caving "The myth is that solo caving is dangerous." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 20
solution cave
  • "Karstic terrain is principally formed in limestone - a sedimentary rock comprised mainly of calcium carbonate - but solution caves also occur in other carbonates, mainly dolomite, in evaporates such as gypsum and halite and, less commonly, in other forms of rock including sandstone and basalt." Crane, Cave 23
  • "The major solution caves of the Guadelupe Mountains are among the most interesting, yet most cryptic, in the world." Davis, Cave Development 43
solutional cave "It is well-known that more or lesse horizontally developed solutional caves in coastal areas often indicate the position of sea level at the time of their formation." Angeli et al., Pleistozene Sea Level Changes 29
sport caver
  • "And then there are the sport cavers who find the setting and the atmosphere attractive." Courbon, PSM 23
  • "However, most sport cavers learn that the red tape is not worth the trouble." Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 12
sport caving
  • "Glaciospeleology....They also offer exciting sport caving." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 31
  • "The cave exploration also drifted towards the sport caving." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 153
  • It's ironic that when I was fittest and had more time for sport caving there were fewer opportunities to do the really big stuff." Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 7
sporting cave "It was a memorable expedition with about ten kilometers of sporting cave discovered and with countless moments of fun, of new sensations and of amazement at the splendours and oddities of this superb continent and its fiere rain forest." Frankland, Los Tayos 16
sporting caver "For a time, I was strictly a sporting caver." Paul Courbon, Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, p 13 
stalactite cave "In New Zealand Dr Arthur Thomson, a military surgeon, collected moa bones from one cave in 1849 and, three years later, from two unidentified stalactite caves near Waitomo." Shaw, cave science 60
storage cave "The entrances of such sacred storage caves were sometimes walled up." Jennings, Man and other animals 105
stream cave
  • "It is possible that some of the network-shaped caves at Wombeyan formed uder artesian conditions when the marble was covered either by the volcanics or by the sandstone, with stream caves forming later when the marble was direktly exposed at the surface." Ellis, Wombeyan 66
  • "On 6 December of the same year he paid a visit to the stream cave now called Yunde-lup at Yanchep in the north of Perth, and he recorded other West Australian caves in 1839." Shaw, cave science 60
  • "The stream caves beside the lake are generally low and labyrinthine, emphasising that it is not necessary for lava tube caves to be of large dimenstions for streams to flow through them." Middleton, Tube-Fed Lavas 42
sulphur spring cave "Cueva de Villa Luz, Tabasco, Mexico: Reconnaissance Stud of an active Sulphur Spring Cave and Ecosystem, in: Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 6(11), April 1999, 13-21
summer caving "Winter caving offers many advantages over summer caving: the more interesting caves with strong winds often have snow-free entrances and are visible from a long distance." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 12-1981, p 14
supercave
  • "In the same year (2004) the Ukrainian Alexander klimchouk looked towards Krubera, 'a freezing nightmare of a supercave in the Republic of Georgia'." Crane, Cave 83
  • "Tabor coined the term 'supercave' - which he also uses in his adventure novel The Deep Zone (2012) - to name the biggest, deepest caves on earth." Crane, Cave 82
supercavern "Does this mean that, beyond the confusing maze of this section, some undiscovered mast conduit lies near the prsent water table, perhaps along the Waltnut Canyon synclline to the south? If so, perhaps both Lechuguilla and Carlsbad, grand as they seem today, will turn out to be mere side offshouts of the TRUE supercavern of the Guadalupes!" Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 430
surface cave "The 'surface caves' were in Kuruvita - Batadombalena, Kitulgala - Belilena & Belilena tunnel, Maradankadawala - Rock shelter." Hetiarachchi, Into the 'Beast' 
swallet cave "Of the 12 swallet caves on the Rushup Edge only two have seen any progress by divers." Murland, Cave Diving in Northern Debyshire, UK, p 36
sweat cave "Sciacca....The 18th century engraving represents the main sweat cave." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?)  108
talus cave
  • "In my recent proposal for a summery by 1990 of the largest and deepest known talus caves, I also implicated that similar data should be compiled for snowtubes." Carroll, The Snowtube Challenge 329
  • "He stated "that apart from a variety of short lava caves, some of them even forming secondarily such as sea caves, fissure caves, talus caves etc., the most important ones are "pyroducts" commonly also known as "lava tubes." Laumanns, Krong No Volcanic Park 9
temple cave
  • "The rock shelters have been used by Buddhist monks as troglodyte hermitage, retreats or mediation cells and serve, in parts, as profitable temple caves which exploit cheap fears and establish a sacred corporate identity that invokes ancient and up to date celebrities, including such as his Royal Highness Crown Prince Sihanouk of Cambodia and the late Premier Srimavo Dias Bandaranaike." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 28
  • "Dong Tien...This temple cave is a tourist and pilgrim site." Laumanns, Ninh Binh 72
  • "Hang Toi...This temple cave is a tourist and pilgrim site. The cave was mapped during the 2013/2014 international expedition but the first survey known was made by the Bulgarian Expedition in 1989, who called the cave "Dong Toi" or "Hang Toi Bich Dong." Laumanns, Ninh Binh 87
thermal cave "The Romans, on the other hand, were responsible for the creation of the first "thermal caves." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 107
through cave
  • "The other areas ...yielded only short, through caves, the largest being 1.2 km long." Limbert, Phong Nha, p 8
  • "C9...This is a N-S-directied through cave with a 25 m wide and deep roof collapse." Laumanns, Krong No Volcanic Park 43
  • "Hang Hai...Is is one of the typical through caves intersecting a limestone ridge in the Trang An-Tam Coc/Bich Dong area." Laumanns, Ninh Bin 80
top caver
  • Jim Eyre has long been a legend in British caving circles, and had top cavers, like climbers, become household names would have been widely known." Eyre, Cave Explorers VII
tourist cave
  • "In tourist caves or 'show caves', artificial light and paved pathways conceal the subtle transition between the entrance zone and the darker zone where sunlight still penetrates." Crane, Cave 20
  • "The great tourist caves of the United States, through the National Parks Service, have heen the sites of considerable management policy and techniques research." Gamble, Alpha-Radiation 254
  • "Important artists therefore have tried their hand for the creation of billboards to advertise this or that tourist cave." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 109
tourist caver "Monitoring the bivouacs to insure that needed supplies are not exhausted by tourist cavers." Brändli, The Hölloch 18
troglodyte cave "Frequently visited but speleologically unexplored and unmapped modified natural sacred troglodyte caves or rock shelters (temple caves.)" Gebauer, Sri Lanka 29
trunk cave "Death's Head Hole is a fine 65 metre shaft ending only to a segment of fossil trunk cave, and nearby on the same fault Rumbling Hole is a wet shaft leading to a series of waterfalls." Waltham, Three Counties 23
tumuli cave "This class of caves is much wider and longer than tumuli caves. In Jordan.."  Kempe, Lava Caves 54
tunnel cave
  • "One of the Bovattagala Caves is a "cave with entrances at both ends" and appears to be a true tunnel cave in a "large, flat-topped rock" which possibly represents a relic hill built up of Miocene limestone." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 42
  • "In addition to rockshelters, boulder caves, tectonic caves and carbonate karst caves developed in marble and dolomitie four distinct types of caves, Tunnel Caves, Block Breakdown Caves, Arch Caves and Network Caves have been recognized in Proterozoic gneiss and Cambrian granite in Sri Lanka." Armstrong, Sri Lankan Gneiss and Granite Caves 280
  • "Tunnel caves resemble phreatic tubes in karst caves. 
type cave "Udujpiyan Galge..Designated as the "type cave" of the Balangoda culture." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 182
uco - unidentified cavisi objects "UCO" (unidentified cavisi objects) or, if you prefer, unconfirmed caving objects, are those of which the "cave" description gives no clue that would allow concluding if it is a cave, a rock shelter, or something else." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 15
underground cave "Most local people on the island live either in the underground caves or under roofs where the entrances are so narrow and inconvenient tht I have been seeing men entering them with their legs at the front." Ciszewski, Easter Island 26
underwater cave
  • "The underwater cave entrances turned out to be the most interesting thing." Ciszewski, Easter Island 38
  • "Milowka spoke of the excitement of working alongside the scientists in the Bahamas, collecting the samples they needed from deep inside underwater caves." Crane, Cave 88
  • "When one considers that 11 of the 15 longest surveyed underwater caves in the world are in Florida, and that only two cave divers in the world have logged more than 1.000 cave dives are NSS members, it is tempting to claim American dominance in cave diving." Exley, Deep Cave Diving p 41
unspecified cave "Unspecified "caves" used by Vedda..people are mentioned anthropological studies."  Gebauer, Sri Lanka 13
vertical caving
  • "Bill Cuddington, known affectionately as 'Vertical Bill', is widely regarded as the fathere of vertical caving in the United States." Crane, Cave 81
  • "Australasian vertical caving had its birth in the challenging systems of Tasmania and the South Island of New Zealand." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 7
volcanic cave "Kempe et al. (2012) provide a synoptic list of 23 volcanic caves." Laumanns & Langford, Jordan 103
volcanic rock cave
  • "Within the family of lava caves or, perhaps more accurately, volcanic rock caves, we find both primary and secondary caves." Kempe, Galapagos 146
    Kubler Cave, Galapagos, Ecuador
water cave
  • "Therefore in water caves and in eishöhlen one finds only rarely dripstone formations, and these mainly of poor appearance."  Balch,Glacières 305
  • "AA Cave (Lindenmayr) 13 An unspecified cave entrance /unidentified shape, unidentified dimensions, unidentified orientation, unidentified charactristics) gives acces to "a water cave shown by locals"." Gebauer, Lumshnong 20
  • "Hang Thung Nang....The main passage is 10-15 m wide and up to 3 m high showing the typical cross-section of water caves in the area." Laumanns, Ninh Binh 85
watertable cave
  • "The speleomorphology of the passages suggests mainly watertable caves with alternation of epiphreatic regimes." Jaillet, French mountain karsts 27
  • "In north-west England, true water-table caves are only found in the low-lying karst areas around Morecomb Bay." Waltham, North-West England  82
weathering cave "Shallow weathering caves or shelters in cliffs have provided by far the most sites and large areas of quartz sandstone and quartzite dominate in this group." Jennings, Man and other animals 96
weekend caver "This is a view that seem to unify devotees to cave exploration - from committed weekend cavers to the leaders of large-scale international expeditons." Crane, Cave 84
wind cave "The air felt cold, but was nowhere near freezing point; nor was it possible to whether there was a draught: it may or may not be a wind cave." Balch, Glacières 34
world caving "Peter Thompson's editorial in Caving International#8 on Mexican caving addresses an issue that will have a great impact on the future of world caving." Sprouse, Viewpoint 9-1980, p 7
world of caves "There is no 'world' of caves, caves are part of the world we live in." Aley, Tom, Interview 17

 

adjective + cave

 

accessible cave
  • "Extra attention has been focused in the literature on the easily accessible caves with tourist values." Ciszewski, Easter Island 38
  • "All the accessible caves were short with no sign of the elusive river, but one satisfying touch was the exploration of a cave that Andy had noticed on the air photos." Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1979): The Underworld of Mulu, part 2, Caving International Magazine 2, p 3
  • "The way at first is almost level and the visitor would be lulled to thoughts of an accessible cave, were it not for the fact that the guide carries over his shoulder a long coil of rope." Baird, Rawhiti Cave
active cave
  • "Shakespeare's Cave...An active and very sporting cave offering some difficulties and a thorough soaking even in summer." Stratford, South Wales 22
  • "Wavul Pane...1961 Michel Siffre...walked "25 km" through jungle and leech infested paddy fields to a stream sinking into a perennially active cave." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 194
  • "The complete system continues to grow at a measurable rate since Hölloch is still a very active cave." Brändli, The Hölloch 14
actual cave "The fundamental dualisms of surface/depth and light/dark, which delineate actual caves for scientists, are also crucial to the symbolic roles caves have played in the human imagination throughout history." Crane, Caves 10
air-filled cave "Moreover, unlike an explorer of air-filled caves, a cave diver is rarely worried by the nagging suspicion that a torch-bearing prehistoric Indian might have been there before him: the technology for exploring underwater caves is scarcely three decades old." Crane, Cave 89
alpine cave
  • "Any caver will know the difference between an Alpine cave and a cave in the south of France, an English cave and a Brazilian one, even if they all devolop in limestone massifs." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 283
  • "There are various major caving projects planned in Europe, particularly in the big Austrian caves, and in North America, notably in Wyoming and Montana, where large, deep alpine caves await exploration." Thompson, Editorial 3-1979, p 2
  • "Whatever their original motivations, they all contribute to the continuing study of hte vas alpine cave - Hölloch." Brändli, The Hölloch 16
ancient cave "The Funghi Grotte di Costozza" was founded in 1970 in the ancient caves." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 112
anonymous cave
  • "AA CAVE...Compare the likewise anonymous cvae at ...Haklgala." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 16
  • "Wellawaya Cave....Sarasin reports this allegedly anonymous cave from an unspecified location somewhere Wellawaya and narrates how Fritz Sarasin and Paul Sarasin were guided along a slightly ascending path through forest  und high grass to the entrance of the cave." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 195
another cave
  • "human skull on the bottom...The Indians topside assured him this was nothing extrodinary and showed him another cave with eight skulls visible inside the entrance." Steele, Huautla 7
  • "An off-hours visit to another cave outside the lake area yielded a new species of Banksula." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 40
apparently static cave "I donot think the term "static cave" accurate, and prefer the term "apparently static cave" or "cave without distinct draughts."" Balch,Glacières 122
archeological cave
  • "The untrained person who digs an achaeological cave may be compred to the person who removes and destroys the pages of a valuable manuscript." Oldham, Scotland xi
  • "Kirkhead Hill forms a conspicious headland west of Grange-over-Sands and Kirkhead Cavern at 30m is a well-known archaeological cave." Waltham, NW-England 223
  • "The most important and also the most divisive role of the archeological caves is the habitation function." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 152
arid cave "A cluster of arid caves is at the heart of Jim Crace's Quarantine." Crane, Cave 126
artificial cave
  • "In Italy, mushroom growing was born in 1913, inside artificial caves near Vicenza." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?)  112
  • "He derived it from the Greek word "speleon" but it was less correct, for "speleon" benoted only artificial caves." Shaw, cave science 2
  • "Gal Vihara...This "partly artificial cave" or "partly natural cavern" and man-made excavation, or "small rock cavity" appears to represent the only man-made rock chamber on the island of Sri Lanka." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 64
ascending cave "J.P. Braun..He demonstratied that it is possible to reach the top of the ascending cave without bivouacing in 20 hours." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 12-1981, p 14 
astounding cave "One of the most astounding caves in any respect is the hollow imprint of a dicaeratherium in Miocene pillow lavas (Rhino Cave, US Quadrangle Park Lake, Grant Country, Washington)."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
attractive cave "Its primary purpose was to ensure the protection of certain particularly attractive caves of his area and to extend them with a view of tourism." Shaw, cave science 61
available cave "Besides, the other available caves in the area might later be found to contain their own species." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 39
beautiful cave
  • "However, I know a multitude of other cavers; photographers who amass pretty slides; aethetes who search for the beautiful cave; others whose only pleasure is to achieve team harmony; still others are drawn by the mysteries of the dark and gloom.." Courbon, PSM 23
  • "All the foreign cavers, friends or members of the big international caving community who sometimes without even knowing us, invited us, welcomed us, and facilitated our access to the most beautiful caves of their country." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 335
  • "We want especially say thank you to those who helped with obtaining permits to work in this beautiful cave and provided historical records and personal assistance." Hutnan, Grotta del Bue Marino - Sardinia 100
best cave
  • "..when a St Kildan visited the mainland he remarked that the pillars and arches of St Mungo's Cathedral in Glasgow formed the best caves he had ever seen." Oldham, Scotland 121
  • "Some of the best caves of the known world have entrance passages starting from the back of rock shelters." Gebauer, Lumshnong 41
  • "I bought the best cave I started to develop the lab." Tom Alley-Interview, Caving International Magazine 9-1980 p 13
best known cave "The caverns measureless to man' encountered in Coleridge's 'Kubla Khan' are among the best known caves in English literature." Crane, Cave 127
big cave
  • "He went on to probe into whatever war worth doing in the big caves of Europe." Eyre, Cave Exlorers VII
  • "This was in a great pit, at the bottom of which, on one side, was a big cave." Balch, Glacières 3
  • "There just ain't all that much room left for more big caves like this." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 30
biggest cave
  • "Tabor coined the term 'supercave' - which he also uses in his adventure novel The Deep Zone (2012) - to name the biggest, deepest caves on earth." Crane, Cave 82
  • "Despite these obstacles, deep cave diving continues to be popular in Florida because the biggest, clearest, and most beautiful caves lie at water depths ranging from 45 metres to over 90 metres." Exley, Deep Cave Diving p 41
blowing cave
  • "Such hollows are found in all parts of the world and are known usually in English as "blowing caves" or "cold current caves"." Balch,Glacières 111
  • "Galaboda Kande Galge...This item is possibly identical with the unidentified, blowing cave near Wellawaya or the Wavul Galge, which is called "galge" but a true cave." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 64
breathtaking cave "Lumshnong..is known the world over for having India's longest cave system Krem Kotsai-Umlawan Cave system with a surveyed length of 21.6 km, is a breathtaking cave that has everything ot offer an adventurous tourist, from big walking passages to bellyy crawls, to clombs, to swimming sections, a bit of underwater dive, to an 11 m high waterfall." Gebauer, Lumshnong 53
buried cave "With further earthquakes like the one in 1975  and the latest on 23 September , 1979, it may be that even the deepest buried caves will someday reveal themselves." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 5
cave-man's cave "The human story began in the cave-man's cave, so in the second part of the book, 'The God in the Cave', Chesterton drew a touching parallel."Ffinch, Chesterton 300
certain cave
  • "It is apparent that under these conditions...there may be some danger in prolonged exposure is experienced in certain caves, particularly as there is some likelihood that concentrations would be higher in summer." Gamble, Alpha-radiation  258
  • "..and there are topographers who make drawings or surveys to know exactly how many metres long and deep a certain cave is (me!)." Courbon, PSM 23
  • "For although there are many caves where the air seems stagnant at times, and there are no distinct perceptible draughts, still that the air is really stagnant all summer appears to me doubtful, and it seems as if the movements of air were distinctly apparent only in certain caves and not in others." Balch,Glacières 123
certified cave "Among the 45 certified caves, 20 have been comprehensively researched and mapped." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 304
choked-up cave "C.G. Jung...In his memoirs, written over twenty years later, he gives mor detail about the dream and describes a 'choked-up cave' with multiple levels, 'Neolithic tools' on the dusty floor of the upper levels and Ellis, Wombeyan remnants of prehistoric fauna below." Crane, Cave 17
chosen cave "Reduction of body water loss is very important and bough shelters, though easy to construct, are not so effective in this respect as a carefully chosen cave." Jennings, Man and other animals 102
circular cave "At the base of the tunnel we found ourselves on the theshold of an immense, almost circular cave, with a diameter of some fifty meters, rising overhead into a regular vault or dome about twenty-seven meters in height." Balch, Glacières 11
'classic cave' "But the quality of the caving experience in the 'classic' caves such as the Gouffre Berger, for instance, or in the easy caves close to the towns where many cavers or occasional cavers go for initiation or training, is threatended." Paul Courbon, Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, p 14
clearest cave "Despite these obstacles, deep cave diving continues to be popular in Florida because the biggest, clearest, and most beautiful caves lie at water depths ranging from 45 metres to over 90 metres." Exley, Deep Cave Diving p 41
cleft-like cave "Mulkirigala...Steps lead-up to a series of cleft-like caves in the huge rock." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 132
cold cave
  • "Finally, nowadays even some cold caves are used, especially in Eastern Europe for "speleotherapy" purposes." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 107
  • "There are but few data from reliable observers about such cold caves." Balch,Glacières 118
  • "Underground Ice Cave...This is a very cold cave with a temperature between 0-5° C." Wood, Zhang, Volcanic Centers China 126
cold current cave "This cave may or may not be a glacière; but surely it is not a cold current cave." Balch, Glacières 35
comfortable cave "Beli Galge, Bambarabotuwa...In fact no more comfortable cave for inhabitation can well be imagined." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 38
communicating caves "Istripura Cavern...Presumably these caves are those Strinati & Aellen call ISTRI-GLA-LENA caves which they say comprises two communicating caves one with about 150 m of passage and the second with two vast galleries and a deep well with 600m of passages." Wilson, Southern Sri Lanka 22
comparable caves "In the entrance sections of comparable caves in the area, seasonal air movements cause condensation on the walls in summer and desiccationin winter." Mihevc, Bestaovca Cave 158
complex cave
  • "Along with members of the British Speleologicla Association and other fledgling caving groups we discover many miles of passages in thix complex cave, narrowly avoid being drowned in a flood." Eyre, Cave Explorers 29
  • "Sigma Cave is a complex cave, consisting of old cave passages and a more recent streamway." Ellis, Wombeyan  70
  • "Sri Lanka...It is in this area that the largest and most complex caves on the island are located." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 7
controlled cave "An apparently perennial stream of water with a streambed tapped with pipes or tubes, disappears in an uncomfortable cave entrance (apparently about 1 m large) which gives access to a tectonically controlled cave with a "relatively short" and absolutely unidentified passage length." Gebauer, Lumshnong 12
current cave "The network caves, and the network sections of the current caves represent a fourth period of cave development." Ellis, Wombeyan 70
dangerous cave
  • "The BSA had discovered the most strenous and potentially dangerous cave in England." Eyre, Cave Explorers 189
  • "The letter suggested that because of the current spate of potholing accidents cavers should only be allowed into dangerous caves after they had undergone a training period with qualified cavers." Caving International Magazine Inverview with Julia James 14-1982, p 10
dank cave
  • "Send out rippling octaves
    into the fossils of dank caves....." Crane, Cave 43 / poem by Judith Beveridge
  • "In Roman mythology Somnus, the god of sleep, resides in a dark cave that the sun never penetrates, its entrance curtained by poppies und other hypnotic plants." Crane, Cave 91
dark cave
  • "Dark caves are what they picked and ventured into, donning helmets and headlamps and carrying powerful batteries, compasses and cameras, where the darkness swallows the beam of the torch and getting lost is so very easy." Hetiarachchi, Into the 'Beast' 
  • "These are just three of the dark caves the team surveyed for specie richness, food chains and food webs." Hetiarachchi, Into the 'Beast' 
decorated cave
  • "A little work gained access to over half a mile of beautifully decorated cave that formed a circular network of passages before converging beyond a large broken chamber from which the stream flowed away down an impenetrable flat-out crawl." Eyre, Cave Explorers 33
  • "Ha Long Bay, in north-eastern Vietnam...is known for its emerald waters and thousands of limestone islands...inside which there are hundreds of often highly decorated caves." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 112
  • "Lesser Garth Cave...An interesting and well decorated cave which is used by the local kids but very rarely visited by cavers." Stratford, South Wales 10
deep cave
  • "It is a few metres deep cave under an arched vault open to the west." Ciszewski, Easter Island 47
  • "In the South African Grootslang, a legendary serpent-like creature, dwells in a deep cave in the mountainous Richterveld." Crane, Cave 103
  • "Despite a virtually unproven potential for deep caves New Guinea is becoming a prime target for vertical cavers around the world." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 7
deepest cave
  • "In 2012 a 200-strong European caving team led by Rémy Limagne attempted to explore and map the far reaches of this vast system, now ranked the 28th deepest cave in the world." Crane, Cave 78
  • "Ogof Ffynnon dhu is the longest and deepest cave in Britain and also rates among the longest caves in the world." Stratford, South Wales 63
  • "We plan a trip to find the world's deepest cave in the Cantabrian Mountains of Northern Spain." Eyre, Cave Explorers 121
demanding cave "The Cueva de Los Tayos was not, with certain exceptions, an extremely demanding cave." Frankland, Los Tayos 16
dendritic cave "The karst formation process has led to the creation of not only underground rivers but also a variety of cave types including dry caves, terraced caves, suspended caves, dendritic caves and intersecting caves." Website "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park" 2022
developed cave
  • "On the steep slope macro rimstone dams have developed and are the most magnificet basins in the developed caves at Wombeyan." Ellis, Wombeyan 50
  • "Rocca Rumena 1 is a small mostly horizontally developed cave formed at the foot of the 20 m high Pleistozene coastal cliff." Angeli et al., Pleistozene Sea Level Changes 31
different caves
  • "The whole contents of a cave and of different caves were therefore commonly regarded as of similar age and were excavated for specimens without recognizing the need to record their position." Shaw, cave science 226
  • "It is perhaps not surprising that there are different caves with origins as proposed in more than one of the above theories." Waltham, North-West England 81
  • "At Groote Eylandt, thigh bones, shoulder blades, skulls, etc., were segregated in different caves." Jennings, Man and other animals 105
difficult cave
  • "Ogof-y-Darren Cilau....A very difficult cave with an exceptional long crawl leading to large passages beyond." Stratford, South Wales 28
  • "In difficult caves, where overcoming formidable obstacles is of primary concern, it is absolutely essential that the camera be of minimum size and weight." Williams, Cave photography 35
  • "For example, Sumidero Yochib, widely regarded as one of the technically most difficult caves in Mexico, does not rank high on longest or deepest cave lists." Hoemann, Viewpoint 16
discovered cave
  • "They were hoping to find a route between a newly discovered cave, Dumb Luck, an dthe known upper passages of Great X; success would mean a new American depth record." Crane, Cave 81
  • "Ogof Craig-A-Ffynnon...A recently discovered cave of great interest." Stratford, South Wales 20
  • "We came primarily to see a recently discovered cave rich in bones, Lion Ridge Cave (Shizu Lin)." Jennings, Karst in China 14
distinct cave
  • "Cave databases listed caves that were clearly small fragments of a larger relict drainage system as distinct, separate caves." Crane, Cave 38
  • "Brooks composed about three apparently distinct caves and Ravanalla by combining some features of Ravanalla Cave with selected aspects of Ravana Ella Cave." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 154
documented cave
  • "It lists all the named and documented caves located at Wombeyan and includes extensive supplementary information on caves described earlie." Ellis, Wombeyan 167
  • "The documented caves lie in a band that stretches for about 3,5 km with those containing water becoming more frequent towards the coast." Middleton, Tube-Fed Lavas 42
drip-ledged cave "The other of the two "drip-ledged caves" on the gently rising rocky hill." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 56
dripping cave "'Small teams of men entered the dripping cave as the water level was lowered." Eyre, Cave Explorers 192
dry cave
  • "In Rudyard Kipling's Just So Stories (1902) Woman picks out a dry cave as a home fo rMan and herself, where they raise a family and domesticate animals such as the Cat, Dog and Horse." Crane, Cave 144
  • "Near to this swallet was the already known short piece of dry cave, containing no substantial stream, now called St. Catherine's 2." Tratham, NW-Clare 20
  • "The karst formation process has led to the creation of not only underground rivers but also a variety of cave types including dry caves, terraced caves, suspended caves, dendritic caves and intersecting caves." Website "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park" 2022
dynamic cave "Professor Thury of Geneva coined the terms "static cave" and "dynamic cave" which have come largely into use since, and which practically correspond to the German terms eishöhle and windröhre." Balch,Glacières 122
each cave "Therefore in this book it has been decided to use this single line method, together with sections drawn to a larger scale and a detailed account of each cave." Tratman, NW-Clare 31
easy cave
  • "Most of these are not gentle and easy caves but descending stream passages up to 7.3 km long, though Steinberg did not explore them all to their full lengths." Shaw, cave science 28
  • "You start obviously and sensibly with an easy cave." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 18
  • "But the quality of the caving experience in the 'classic' caves such as the Gouffre Berger, for instance, or in the easy caves close to the towns where many cavers or occasional cavers go for initiation or training, is threatended." Paul Courbon, Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, p 14
elongate cave "Pyroduct..any internal lava conduit in a flow, irrespective of shape and size, regardless of whether it contains molta lava during eruptive activity or is preserved as an elongate cave after eruptive activity ends and molten rock drains away." Kempe et al, Galapagos 146 - fire conduit
endogenous cave "Primariy/endogenous cave or syngenetic cave is formed in running lava flows, the gradually cool and become solidified." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 316
engraved cave "Dating the human occupation of a painted or engraved cave in floor excavations only provides a possible time framework for the art unless definite links between the two kinds of use of the cave can be established." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 117
enough cave "By this time it was more than obvious that there was enough cave to justify mapping." Coons, Engle, In Morrisons's Footsteps, p 31
enterable cave
  • "Finally, in a multi-level system passages will be abandoned and will collapse, leading to a final state of no connected, enterable caves at a particular level." Crane, Cave 40
  • "Nothing was found - the dolines, several hundred metres across, were collapse features containing little or no enterable caves." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 8
  • "Once a flow-through of water is established, continued solution may take place and eventually enterable caves will be formed." Waltham, North-West England  94
entire cave
  • "Down this slope we descended with but little difficulty, reaching at the bottom  an almost level ice floor which spread over the entire cave and was formed throughout of thick, solid ice." Balch, Glacières 3
  • "Hang Ba..the entire cave is navigable by boat." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 72
entranceless cave "Isolated subterranean cavities, or 'vugs', with no opening to the surface are not caves, although they may eventually become caves if the movement of water, or the breakdown of rock, links them to the surface and thus they are sometimes termed 'entranceless caves'." Crane, Cave 9
epiphreatic cave "Pheatic features on the walls and allogenic fluvial deposits, clays and silts show that the passage is a relic of an old epiphreatic cave." Mihevc, Bestaovca Cave 156
erosional cave
  • "Secondary caves form also in lava, including fissure caves, pit craters and erosional caves such as sea caves and caves formed by stream erosion such as Kuka'iau Cave, Hawaii." Kempe, Lava Caves 49
  • "Erosional volcanic rock caves can be excavated by coastal waves or by running water."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
every cave
  • "Every cave had its own name as it was used formerly as a temporary or permanent living quarter." Ciszewski, Easter Island 35
  • "The multitude of bats is one of the features of the evening landscape; the abound in every ave and subterranean passage, in the tunnels on the highways, in the galleries of the fortifications, in the roofs of the bungalows, and the ruins of every temple and buildings." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 21
  • "It still won't give an explanation of every feature you see in every cave." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 16
excaveted cave "Most of the previously excavated caves are completely disinterred with no possibility of control excavations." Laczi, Cave Archeologiy in Hungary 153
exciting cave Ainahou Ranch Cave...In fact our own exploration and survey revealed an exciting, wild cave, divided into two parts by a large collapse, but nevertheless totalling almost seven kilometres in length." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 10
explorable cave
  • "The geomorphic deductions on the controlling factors in development of the explorable caves are relatively easily arrived at." Waltham, North-West England 80
  • "Perhaps the other risings have already degassed in a previous chamber before entering the explorable cave or reaching the surface." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 18
  • "Anticosti Island, a big island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is nearly all limestone, but it's probably not going to yield explorable caves." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 19
explored cave
  • "Over a twelve year period which spanned the Second World War, from 1936 to 1947, a team of cavers that included Pierre Chevalier and Fernand Petzl undertook 65 expeditons..in the Dent de Crolles system near Grenoble, which at 658 m became the world's deepest explored cave at the time." Crane, Cave 78
  • "Depending on the geological and geographical contexts, the esplored caves aree either perched caves or caves close to the valley bottom." Jaillet, French mountain karsts 22
  • "Total relief of the explored cave is only - 25 m." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 14
exquisite cave "Wavulpane...Pathirana told us that once, he had gone down into the hole using ropes and had seen an exquisite cave, through which one could crawl, within which could be seen, pure white stalactites and stalagmites." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 193
extensive cave
  • "In March 1773 a surveyor named Whalfeldt visited extensive caves near the head of the Urei River in the Kattaun district of Sumatra." Shaw, cave science 59
  • "Pre-Cambrian to Cambrian limestones and pockets of cale-granulites occur in the Highlands and tend to form comparatively voluminous or extenscive caves." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 7
  • "With well over 3,400 metres of passage it is one of the most extensive caves yet discovered in Derbyshire." Murland, Cave Diving in Northern Debyshire, UK, p 36
familiar cave "Neil Armstrong...With his reputation for fearlessness more than established we took him down our now familar cave." Frankland, Los Tayos 16
famous cave
  • "Martel explored America's most famous cave - that's Mammoth - and made profile maps of it in 1912." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 104
  • "The most famous caves in Western mythology must be those found in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey, said to date from the eighth century BCE, which records the adventures of Odysseus as he makes his way home to Ithaca after the battle of Troy." Crane, Cave 96
  • "Fingal's Cave is Scotland's most famous cave." Oldham, Scotland 54
favorite cave
  • "Would you welcome a group of cavers to come into your favorite cave to leave trash all about?" Ron Simmons, Letter to the editor, Caving International Magazine 9-1980, p 48
  • "Once a year we'll publish a more comprehensive list for those of you who like to see if your favourite cave is still thirty-ninth in the world pecking order." Thompson, A Note from the Publisher 1-1978, p 2
few caves
  • "Few caves were found by sheer coincidence." Ciszewski, Easter Island 29
  • "Mammoth was most likely his inspiration because few caves were open to the public in 1843." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 185
  • "Alluvial deposits are also confined to only a few caves, but some springs emerge through alluvial deposits that also floor surfaces ponds and overflow routes from which water temporarily reemerges from some other parts of the Eldhraun during major floods." Middleton, Tube-Fed Lavas 42
fine cave
  • "Pant Mawr Pot...A fine cave of large proportions which contains a sizeable stream and some fine formations." Stratford, South Wales p 68
  • "The limestones of Northern Derbyshire lie at the southern end of the Pennines, and although overshadowed by the Yorkshire Dales to the north and to some extent by the Mendip Hills and Wales to the south, the area has some fine caves and a great potential for cave diving discoveries." Murland, Cave Diving in Northern Debyshire, UK, p 33
first cave
  • "The cave of Corniale...was the first cave in the Karst ot be made accessible for public visits, already in 1633, when its owner, Count Petrazzi, gave it in administration to the community of Corgnale." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 109
  • "Victoria Cave was not the first cave in the study area to attract the antiquarian, for some of the north Lanshire caves had been mentioned in this context by West in 1774, but it was the Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes news of the finds from this cave in 1839 that seems to have triggered off the widespread cave hunting of the 1840s and 1850s." Waltham, NW-England 183
  • "Turning back to Kilaunea, the first cave to be investigated in the second part of the expedition was the Ainahou Ranch Cave." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 10
flooded cave
  • "The team of divers on the Blue Hole Expedtion had to swim through a toxic layer of hydrogen sulfide to reach the 'living laboratories' of dozens of inland flooded caves and to collect material samples and data which promised to enrich scientists 'understanding of everything form geology and water chemistry to biology...the study of life in the universe." Crane, Cave 88
  • "Istripura Cave...Brooks was lead to declare and possibly believed this tale, that the "Istripur Cave" is "now" (since 1984) a "completely flooded cave" as if it were submerged in the waters of the Victoria Dam Reservoir." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 83
  • "This boundary represents the point of engulfment of 12 surface streams which resurge in the valley below from a small, flooded cave hidden away in a Castleton resident's back garden." Murland, Cave Diving in Northern Debyshire, UK, p 33
foreign cave "The planned volume of the catalogue, intended to record foreign caves, never appeared." Shaw, cave science 246
former cave
  • "The remains of former caves, resembling those of Hale Moss, can be seen along the edges of these limestone ridges." Waltham, NW-England 215
  • "The famous Peking Man site is located here on Dragon Bone Hill...excavation has gone on more or less continously since...in a large body of sediment that accumulated in a former cave." Jennings, Karst in China 8
fossil cave
  • "Lubang Angin....Many high-level passages were explored, but the continuation of the old fossil cave was elusive." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, 5
  • "Hang Ong Nanh..The short fossil cave runs parallel to the rock cliff." Laumanns, Ninh Binh 81
  • "The old fossil caves intersected by these streamways are mainly phreatic tubes and mostly range from three to five metres in diameter." Waltham, Three Counties 24
frescoed cave "Ancient drip ledges line the rocks above the frescoed caves, while bats rustle in sheltered corners of the rock." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 27
further caves "The lower passage, which contained permantent ice, he left alone, merely observing that there were said to be further caves beyond the ice." Shaw, cave science 22
genuine cave "Where these warm hollows are genuine caves it seems proper to call them "hot caves." Balch,Glacières 114
gigantic cave "According to that work gigantic caves collect water underneath the Andes so that the miners have never heard of anything more terrible." Kempe, Kircher 62
given cave
  • "Other names illustrate characteristic features of a given cave: location, shape, size, purpose etc." Ciszewski, Easter Island 25
  • "Then the first year after visiting a given cave, he paints from memory, both water colours and oils." Watson, Jean Truel 44
good cave
  • "Wavul Galge...This "bat cave" is obviously a good cave as it is inhabited by bats to such a degree that a regiment of troops had been stationed during the Welessa rebellion (1818) to prevent rebels from preparing nitrate for explosives from the accumulated bat guano." Gebauer, Sri Lanka
  • "The central strip of Pocahontas and Green brier Counties of West Virginia seems to be particularly rich in good caves." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 21
grand cave "The next three trips to the caves on the west fringes of the Huautla Plateau showed that the suspected potential for grand, deep caves was being realized." Steele, Huautla 3
great cave
  • "Few yards further there is a great cave with a sculptured rok at its entrance." Ciszewski, Easter Island 32
  • "Krubera, the great cave in Georgia, is 7,000 vertical feet deep." Crane, Cave 83
  • "St. Kilda...For example Barrington records they rowed round and under the cliffs of Hirta, the great Atlantic swell making a white fringe along the rocks and booming in the great caves." Oldham, Scotland 121
green cave "There was ... something she remembered in the relations of those lines cutting across, slicing down, and in the mass of the hedge with its green cave of blues and browns, which had stayed in her mind; which had tied a knot in her mind so that at odds and ends of time, involuntarily, as she walked along the Brompton Road, as she brushed her hair, she found herself painting that picture, passing her eyes over it, and untying the knot in imagination." Woolfe, Lighthouse 243
habitable cave "Beli Lena, Kitulgala ist not only "probably the largest habitable cave in the wet-zone of Sri Lanka" but also "perhaps one of the five largest caves in Sri Lanka." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 14
hard-core cave "Before I am stoned for heresy, let me acknowledge that SLRs have been used in very adverse situations but it takes an exceedingly determined (superhuman?) photographer to drag a bulky, heavy camera into the far reaches of a hard-core cave." Williams, Cave photography 35
hardest cave
  • "Yorkshire Ramblers Club..Four years later they bottomed the very wet Rumbling Hole...and declared it the hardest cave in the country at the time." Waltham, Three Counties 24
  • "Long, cold, wet, with a lot of crawling and ten pitches, King is now probably the hardest cave in the Three Counties - a fine discovery." Waltham, A.C. (1980): Caves of the Three Counties, Caving International Magazine 8-1980, p 24
hidden cave "The hidden caves existed as well." Ciszewski, Easter Island 30
high cave "Wavulpane...You will enter and walk through thsi 100 feet high cave.." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 194
high-altitude cave "Large masses of ice can also be found in high altitude caves, where the temperature remains below 0°C." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 312
high-level cave "In this case the driving force is supposedly derived from water sinking in high-level caves and potholes in the mountains between Argostoli and Sami." Crossley, The Sea-Mills of Argostoli 9
high-roofed cave "In J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, the One Ring was forged in and brought out of the chasm known as the Cracks od Doom in the Chambers of Fire, a long, high-roofed cave in the cone of Mount Doom that was the heart of the wizard Sauron's evil realm." Crane, Cave 136
highest cave
  • "The Prerouge karst spans several levels between the hightest caves and the outlet." Jaillet, French mountain caves 30
  • "As a result of those discoveries in Lamprechtsofen it has become the world's 'highest' cave, and the only one higher than 1,000 metres." Kleszynski, Lamprechtsofen 37
high quality cave "In a broad sense, calcite-rich gneisses are marbles and it will be difficult to deny that marbles contain high quality caves." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 34
holy cave "Holy caves may be burial sites, or they may be shelters where a hermit or fakir, anchorite or monk took up residence." Crane, Cave 148
horizontal cave
  • "In the isolated limestone blocks of the Morecombe Bay area horizontal caves have been found which were almost certainly formed at the water-table on the margins of a number of poljes." Waltham, North-West England 90
  • "AA Cave (Lindenmayr) 02 ..No autochthonous, indigenous or locally known name has been identified for this horizontal cave, which was recorded in German language as "Höhle beim Baum"." Gebauer, Lumshnong 16
  • "Roof domes rising up to 4 m are relics of its phreatic enlargement. Hang Bo Nau is a horizontal cave about 70 m long, containing old stalagmite deposits." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 8
horrid cave "In sixteenth and seventeenth-century literature caves such as 'Those grim and horrid caves', whose lookes affright the day' in Michael Drayton's 'An Ode Written in the Peake' (1606) are often meeting places for rogues and gypsies." Crane, Cave 136
hot cave
  • "Where these warm hollows are genuine caves it seems proper to call them "hot caves." Balch,Glacières 114
  • "Hell is described as a hot, stinking cave of eternal punishment." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 5
huge cave
  • "..a handful of cavers..from Austin, Texas...had found an abundance of huge, unknown caves south of the border in Mexico." Stelle, Huautla 3
  • "The chamber in a huge cave on Bougainville Island has a volume of 2.9 million cubic metres." Bourke, Papua New Guinea 25
human cave "The group of human caves (Humanae Cryptae9 comprises grottos of giants, the Muses or Sy illes, shown in Meditterranean countries, like in Cumae near Naples." Kempe, Kircher 61
hypogenic cave "Even if hypogenic caves are very few and often poorly identified, the morphologies and mineralizations associated with that kind of speleogenesis have made it possible to explain the organization of some particularly representative networks in France." Dandurand, Speleogenesis 48
ideal cave "Porth-yr-Ogof...Although it is used by many youth organisations and adventure centers it is not really an ideal cave for beginners." Stratford, South Wales 51
identical cave "Almost identical cave have been found on the northern coast in Vai-tara-Kai-ua where the caves are also abundant." Ciszewski, Easter Island 31
immature cave "Surface draingag on the limestone occurs....Again in the Kilmoon stream for over 3/4 mile with several short lengths of immature cave, and thirdly along the Murphy's Bridge Stream for over 1/2 mile but where as yet no cave has been formed." Tratman, NW-Clare 83
immense cave
  • "Such immense caves exist in various parts of the world, natural crypts dating from the geological epoch of the globe." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 188
  • "Macocha...It is 138 meters deep and was created the collapse of an immese cave." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 104
impassable cave "Surface drainage on the limestone occurs, as can be seen on Fig 1, above Poultaloon in the bed of the Oweneacloggaun stream, with one short length of impassable cave." Tratman, NW-Clare 83
important cave
  • "It is interesting to note that because of the lack of limestone, the most important caves in som countries are formed in lava or sandstone." Strinati, Caving in Africa 27
  • "Stainton Cavern..it was an important cave, possessing not only solutionally widened joints and loops but also a long 'gothic arch' phreatic trunk passage suggestive of a former high base level." Waltham, NW-England 221
  • "Striniati & Aellen limited their interest on zoological aspects and decided to coung rajagiri-lena among the biospeleologically less important caves or rock shelters, which consists either of rift caves or of halb dark overhangs." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 129
impressive cave
  • "One of the two "highly impressive caves" near Ratnapura lies in the vicinity of "Eratna", near "Batatoa"." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 36
  • "The largest and most impressive cave in the Marble Mountains, Dong Am Phu, 302 m in length, is situated at the southern foot of the hill of Nui Thuy Son mountain and warrants an extra entry fee." Laumanns, South Vietnam part 1, p 40
inaccessible cave
  • "He wrote books on speleology and developed caving equipment and techniques tht made previously inaccessible caves accessible." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 104
  • "Miocene Jaffna Limestones are exposed on quite a large percentage of the land surface but appears to form mostly inaccessible caves hidden underground in the vadose and phreatic zones." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 7
  • "Krem Quarry U Theh....No cave name hat existed before the inaccessible cave was unexpectedly intersected in the cours of limestone quarry activities." Gebauer, Lumshnong 120
inactive cave "Reedflute Cave (Lu Ti Yen), a few kilometres south of Guilin, resembles Seven Stars Cave in that it is an inactive cave well above plain level in a large residual peak." Jennings, Karst in China 14
individual cave
  • "But in speleological discourse, this limited view gradually gave way in the middle and later decades of the twentieh century to a more holistic view of caves as fragments of larger systems: 'individual caves' were reconceived 'as simple puzzle pieces of a larger master drainage system.'" Crane, Cave 39
  • "Using this criteria we have assigned relative maturity levens to the individual caves with the Tunel del Estero being the least developed and the Cueva del Cascajo as the most developed." Kempe, Galapagos 160
  • "Individual caves vary daily." Gamble, Alpha-radiation 258
inhabitable cave "Ceylon Traveller applies the expression "cave dwelling" as a descriptive term which clearly explains for what these inhabitable caves and rock shelters had been (or still are) used but the nature of these 'cave dwellings' remains obscure." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 13
inhabited cave "The inhabited caves were situated far from the coast." Ciszewski, Easter Island 30
inner cave "The atmospheric stability of inner caves and the near absence of organic matter mean that to enter a cave is to change it - however lightly one treads." Crane, Cave 20
innumerable caves
  • "They were doing that on the island's surface mainly along the coast as well as in the underground labyrinth of innumerable caves, caverns and grottoes." Ciszewski, Easter Island 51
  • "Innumerable caves were completely cleared of their archaeological levels and some of the details of the stratigraphy and finds were recorded." Waltham, NW-England 183
insignificant cave
  • "Some of the most insignificant caves have the longest histories, whilst one of the longst and most sporting caves - Jeanie Barries' may be dismissed in a few lines." Oldham, Scotland iii
  • "Its 25 m entrance shaft has been known of since the early part of the century, but atthat time it led to only a small, rather insignificant cave." Downey, Lechuguilla 21
inspiring cave "A tight but penetrable cave entrance, which is obstructed by boulders, gives access to an inspiring cave in crystalline limestone." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 21
"instant cave" "One lead carried a good breeze but was blocked by breakdown. It was time for "instant cave". A blast that Stone and Lloyd set was sufficient to open up passage into borehole going north - towards La Grieta and Carrizo!" Steele, Huautla 13
interesting cave
  • "The most interesting caves for us are the ones turned into mass or family burial mounds." Ciszewski, Easter Island 40
  • "Slambri Ddu...An interesting cave consisting mainly of a huge chamber lying just below the surface of the moor." Stratford, South Wales 22
  • "Unfortunately, we had to leave a couple of leads for other trips, but these trips will undoubtedly be forthcoming as the discovery of such an interesting cave in an area hitherto relatively unknown will prompt the organization of larger trips for longer periods in the field." Kay, Capricorn Tower 44
intersecting cave "The karst formation process has led to the creation of not only underground rivers but also a variety of cave types including dry caves, terraced caves, suspended caves, dendritic caves and intersecting caves." Website "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park" 2022
intricate cave "A month of work in this area yielded over ten kilometers of intricate cave in the Ukabo Streamway." Montgomery, Atea Expeditions 9
irregular cave "La Perouse...He also came across three irregular caves." Ciszewski, Easter Island 26
isolated cave "Once isolated caves have been transformed into sites of mass worship and pilgrimage and, more recently, tourism." Crane, Cave 151
karstic cave
  • "Further, the characteristics of karstic caves and karstic hydrology long rendered them of disproportionate importance in the lives of individuals, nations and cultures." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 172
  • "It forms an up to now singular cave type, not only pirating the stream of a neighboring valley but also featuring sumps and chutes where the water moves upward, similar to the water flow in karstic caves under phreatic conditions."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
  • "It now only pirates the tributaries of a parallel valley but it also forma a servies of sumps and chutes where the water moves upwards, similar to karstic caves under phreativ conditions." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 866
known cave
  • "There had been a short-lived group in Switzerland as early as the 1860s but its interests had been very local and its activities were evidently limited to visiting known caves." Shaw, cave science 246
  • "Foot refers to himself as 'searching almost every known cave.'" Tratham, NW-Clare 15
  • "Henning Valley Cave initially transmitted a stream which resurged somewhere near the present entrance, having arrived in the presently known cave through a phreatic lift in the floor of ther termnal chamber." Waltham, NW-England 220
korykic cave "In the other korykic cave, at Delphi, is the abode of Delphyne, the consort of Python (lit. snake) associated with the destructive north-wind." Gebauer,  Lumshnong 148
labyrinthine cave "At the west corner of the mountain a small labyrinthine cave consisting of low crawls was considered not worth surveying." Laumanns, South Vietnam part 1, p 40
large cave
  • "For example, in the crater of the Rano Aroi volcano there is not very large cave that was a temporary shelter." Ciszewski, Easter Island 24
  • "A large cave might thus contain dry passages dating to the Pleistocene period and still active stream passages." Crane, Cave 38
  • "There was one exception, the hole of Fayoun, which presented us with a beautiful entrance shaft of two hundred seventy feet, leading into a large cave covered in crystal deposits." Eyre, Cave Explorers 82
larger cave
  • "The second gully terminated in a somewhat larger cave, whose floor was well below the entrance." Balch, Glacières 35
  • Philip's Cavern...It is thought that today's cave is the remains of a much larger cave." Oldham, Discovering Caves 23
  • "Joint lines and faults are infrequent and the larger caves have formed along these at depth, where the limestone is highly porous and favours intense solutional activity." Lewis, The Nullabor Plain 3
largest cave
  • "From the Metraux description (1940) we learn that on the wall of the largest cave, tht is 6,5 m long, 4 m wide and 2 m high, there is a depiction of ao." Ciszewski, Easter Island 48
  • "The largest and most impressive cave in the Marble Mountains, Dong Am Phu, 302 m in length, is situated at the southern foot of the hill of Nui Thuy Son mountain and warrants an extra entry fee." Laumanns, South Vietnam part 1, p 40
  • "Trincomalee..It is in this area that the largest and most complex caves on the island are located." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 7
latter cave
  • "Complications in the latter cave such as the early, truncated calcified siltstone/cave raft deposits, and large amounts of clay, silt and cobbles on floors, seem to be absent in Lechuguilla." Davis, Uniqueness of Lechuguilla 427
  • "The latter cave is a complex multi-level system formed in disturbed limestones very close to the Dent Fault, and Aygill water flows through its streamway to a downstream sump which has been dived to Lancaster Hole." Waltham, Three Counties 22
lined cave "Crystal lined caves and vughs are intersected y younger cave passages in Creek, Sigma and New Glass Cave." Ellis, Wombeyan 64
little cave
  • "At the top we entered a little cave about two meters deep, by a sort of portal about two meters wide." Balch, Glacières 6
  • "Giant's Cave..This is a charming little cave, and provides excellent views over the Avon Gorge, the river and surrounding countryside." Oldham, Discovering Caves 11
  • "A great little cave!" Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
living cave "Shaw assumes that turning the living caves inot the burial sites took place after 1700 and intensified with the arrival of Catholic missionaries." Ciszewski, Easter Island 44
local cave
  • "False flowglove was also common torch material in Mammoth and other local caves." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 64
  • "Towards the end of the 19th century geological students at Indiana University used to be taken to a local cave as part of their course and a photograph survives showing a class visit in 1889 or 1890." Shaw, cave science 242
  • "The 'Transplant Mine', as it is now called, was excavated about 50 years ago in the same marble formation as the local caves were formed in." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 39
long cave
  • "That's not many bats for such a long cave, but in the past the cave was a very large bat hibernaculum." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 52
  • "Even in long caves the water temperature is still fractionally higher than the average English explorer expects." Tratman, NW-Clare 27
  • "A new way to form large pyroducts was discovered last year when we investigated Kahuenaha nui, a 1.8 km long cave within the SW-riff lavas of Mauna Loa."  Kempe, Lava Caves 50
longest cave
  • "However they did not reach the end of one of the longest  caves and stopped at 350 m." Ciszewski, Easter Island 53
  • "Agen Allwedd is one of the longst caves in Britain." Stratford, South Wales 24
  • "Mauritius....Further south at Camp Thorel, one of the island's longest caves, and its most varied in terms of morphology and lava speleothems, lied beneath an unsewered village and receives direct input from cesspits and septic tanks." Middleton, Tube-Fed Lavas 43
low cave
  • "It is a low cave with its vault covered with over 30 petroglyphs depicting human faces with long ears." Ciszewski, Easter Island 39
  • "Some of this water reappears from a low cave just outside Ingleborough Cave, but the bulk of this water, which sinks in the famous cave called Gaping Gill, appears in Clampham Beck Head Cave, 75 yards upstream from Ingleborough Cave." Oldham, Discovering Caves 45
  • "At Blunder Bay, on the Victoria River, east of Endeavour Hill, a low cave, or rock shelter, was discovered in the quartite range on the river frontage." Jennings, Man and other animals 101
lower cave
  • "This passage gives access to the upper part of the lower cave at station." Kempe, Galapagos 156
  • "The route to the lower cave is blocked by tipped debris but entry can easily be obtained from the resurgence about 30 feet down the sea cliff." Oldham, Scotland 22
  • "Then the ice sloped away again to the lower cave." Balch, Glacières 28
lowest cave "This was in fact the beginning of an ice wall, the Eiswand or Eismauer, which turning to the right, flowed through a rock arch to the lowest cave." Balch, Glacières 28
low-roofed cave "Two caves were sketched: a rift cave (Grosse Lisan-Klufthöhle, 34 m long) as well as a short and low-roofed cave formed in a bedding plane (4 m long)." Laumanns & Longford, Jordan 103
magical cave "Wombeyan marle has eroded into numerous magical caves within a special karst landscape." Ellis, Wombeyan 52
magnificent cave "Dobsina..It is a magnificent cave." Balch, Glacières 15
man-made cave "Chiroperologically investigated but speleologically unexplored and unmapped natural or man-made cave or mine." Gebauer,Sri Lanka 17
many caves
  • "Many caves have their own names associated with the names of the original owners or clans." Ciszewski, Easter Island 25
  • "In many caves, however, the danger is not so obvious, but the holes still pack a lethal punch if they are underestimated." Eyre., Cave Explorers 58
  • "Of the many caves that feature in this major early work of Western literature, the caves of the Cyclops Polyphemus, the monstrous Scylla and the enchanting Calypso are the best known." Crane, Cave 96
marine-eroded cave "Again recording the islands as riddled with numerous marine-eroded caves, he concludes that these were only possibly visited by the islanders who ran their small fishing craft just inside the biggest shelter when caught afloat by a storm.." Oldham, Scotland 122
marvellous cave "Verne, Will of an Eccentric....One would generously pay with fatigue to traverse marvellous caves - a walk through the enchanted world of the Arabian Night - even without meeting with demons or gnomes." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 
massive cave "Ochochpec, kekchi for "House of Stone", is picked as an appropriate name for the massive cave." Miller, Belize 22
maze-like cave "These processes result in the formation of often maze-like caves and occur in the mixing zones of hypogenic flows and meteoric waters within the reservoir, near the piezometric surface and at springs." Dandurand, Speleogenesis 48
medium-sized cave "As for Bob Thrun, he wrote a nice computer programme for plotting up survey data for caves, but it was initially only intended for small to medium-sized caves - caves up to about five kilometres in length." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 29
metaphoric cave "When Clarice Starling ventures into the stony labyrinth beneath the serial killer's house in Jonathan Demme's The Silence of the Lambs, she descendss into a metaphoric 'cave'." Crane, Cave 14
middle cave "Camas Malag Cave..The middle cave is basically one large passage, divided in places into upper and lower levels." Oldham, Scotland 22
mind-blowing cave "Hijau Lubang...The latter had a remarkable knack of finden mind-blowing caves." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, S. 5
minor cave
  • "There are also sundry minor caves clustered round the periphery of the Clare shales." Tratham, NW-Clare 15
  • "The French looked at the karst in the vicinity of Mt. Bangeta in the Saruwaged Range. They found a number of minor caves." Bourke, Papua New Guinea 23
monastic cave "One of the monastic caves contain a horror chamber..the gaudy statues of devils and sinners show the inventive range of punishment meted out in the afterlife." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 28
most caves
  • "Most caves are deep enough tht the amount of motion caused by surface waves will be negligible." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 14
  • "Hale Moss Cave...the temperature will be more variable than in most caves and there is a continual interchange between surface and cave terrestrial fauna." Waltham, North-West England 102
  • "During our cave survey in 2010, and to a lesser extent in 2011, we collected samples of cave arthropods in most caves visited." Steiner, Biospeleology southern Vietnam 55
  • "There are some caves where great torrents run through them and it's a different situation, but most caves are extremely fragile resources." Tom Aley Internview p 17
much cave "As much cave was discovered in the six years that followed the first edition of the Atlas as was discovered since the beginning of speleology." Paul Courbon, Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, p 14
named cave "It lists all the named and documented caves located at Wombeyan and includes extensive supplementary information on caves described earlie." Ellis, Wombeyan 167
mystical cave "According to Arthurian legend, King Arthur was buried on the Isle of Avalon, however, there is also a less well-known legend that claims King Arthur and his knights are resting in a mystical cave where they will remain until the time Britain needs them most." Crane, Cave 104
narrow cave
  • "He could tell from the tight line around her lips that mentally she was somewhere else, a dark, narrow cave that held her in its thrall, shutting him out." Woolfe, Lighthouse
  • "Wave erosion of basaltic dykes can lead to long, narrow caves such as the > 40 m long Sorte Gryde on Bornholm."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
  • "The speleogenetic processes can best be studied in Dong Huyen Vi, a relatively narrow cave in Nui Hoa Son mountain." Laumanns, South Vietnam part 1, p 40
natural cave
  • "Natural caves are so abundant on the coast as well as in the island's interior." Ciszewski, Easter Island 28
  • "The Paradise Ice Cave of Mount Rainier were similarly visited and immortalized at least as early as 1980. These were natural caves." Halliday, Glaciospeleology 31
  • "Like many other natural caves in Southeast Asia, the cavity had been transformed into a Buddhist temple." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 101
nearby cave "Some caves already explored by the Vietnamese were extended or linked to other nearby caves." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 10
nest-producing cave "It seems likely that the earliest nest-producing caves included those around Sandakan in North Borneo and at Bau in Sarawak, as well as others in the Sambas-Banjermassin region of Indonesian Borneo." Shaw, cave science 58
new cave
  • "In the early days of the NSS the first person to explore a new cave was in the habit of writing his (or her) NSS membership number at the entrance and at the point of the furthest penetration using soot from a carbide lamp." Crane, Cave 80
  • "New caves were found also by the caretaker at Wombeyan." Shaw, cave science 61
  • "The sequence of discoveries has been described but any caving party visiting the area may still find new passages by a more detailed examination of a known cave and may even find entirely new caves." Tratman, NW-Clare 31
non-segmented cave "C 6...This non-segmented cave has a large main gallery as well as a short and narrow sid lead closer to the entrance, which opens towards the SE." Laumanns, Krong No Volcanic Park 35
numerous caves
  • "The caves of Da Nang, called Tourane during the French domination of Vietnam...between these marble and limestone formations there are numerous caves that house Buddhist shrines, all now used for worhip." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 102
  • "In 1936 and 1937 parties of the Yorkshire Rambers' Club visited the area and explored numerours caves, several of them for the first known time, and these included Faunarooska, Pollballiny and parts of the Coolagh river Cave." Tratham, NW-Clare 15
  • "It was principally a prospecting expedition, in which numerous caves were discovered." Braun, Degrave, Schneeloch 18
occupied cave "In the Hamersley and Opthalmia Ranges all prehistorically occupied caves face east and northeast." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 116
odd cave "Arbroath Caves..The cliffs rarely exceed 100 feet in height and are cut by numerous grassy valleys, so that the explorer can visit most of the 200 odd caves, even at high tide." Oldham, Scotland 4
occupied cave "In the Hamersley and Opthalmia Ranges all prehistorically occupied caves face east and northeast." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 116
off-park cave Logsdon, their supervisor, saw his opportunity to investigate the recently re-opened hole, and was quick to show them an off-park cave they could explore." Coons, Engle, In Morrisons's Footsteps, p 30
old cave
  • "Kooringa Cave...The survival of this very old cave must therefore be limited." Ellis, Wombeyan 43
  • "These old caves became filled up with gold-bearing gravel and silt, and the valley also to a level of about 80 feet above that of the caves." Shaw, cave science 59
  • "In remote cave mouths they often glean a harvest of mingul, the native chewing tobacco, which grows best near the entrance to old caves and rock shelters, where enriched soils, shelter from the wind, and the higher humidity of south-facing cave mouths, enables the luxury plant to grow to perfection, writes Tindale of the Pitjandjara of northwest South Australia." Jennings, Man and other animals 106
older cave
  • "Kooringa is one of the older caves formed when Wombeyan Creek cut down through the marble in the vicinity of Victoria Arch." Ellis, Wombeyan 56
  • "Clearly many of the older caves have been modified by collapse, as their floors are strewn with blocks fallen from a jagged roof, as in parts of the upper passages of the Lancaster-Ease Gill caves." Waltham, North-West England 95
oldest cave "Wavulpane..Its discoverers believe the large natural underground palace may be the oldest cave known to man." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 193
one cave "Otter Hole...Quite simply the Barrage is so economically important that it cannot be deflected for one cave - no matter how unique or beautiful." Waltham, The British Caving Scene 9-1980 p 23
open cave "There are narrow sheets of volcanic rock formed when debris from an eruption filled a narrow solution slot in the limestone and laminated volcaniclastics formed when volcanic debris was transported and deposited into an open cave." Ellis, Wombeyan 63
operated cave "Nonetheless we are dealing with a privately owned and operated cave, and one suspects that funds for capital works would be scant." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
other caves
  • "Over the years we discovered numerous high-level passages und caverns tht soared up out of reach, to connect with other caves and inlets from the surface." Eyre, Cave Explorers 36
  • "Great Onyx has a big beetle population, probably causing a higher predation rate than in other caves." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 45
  • The longest of the caves, Cueva del Cascajo, about 3 km in length, war partly surveyed and nine other caves were visitied." Kempe, Galapagos 143
our cave ""Don't publish this, we don't want the speleo-pirates taking over our cave."" Thompson, Speleo-Piracy 3
outstanding cave "Hulu, Dongge and Sanbao caves in China, Soreq Cave in Israel or Corchia cave in Italy are outstanding caves." Verheyden, Speleothem science 56
overseas cave "One cameraman, an experienced outdoor sports photographer who had been in many overseas caves such Mammoth and Lituguia sp?) went into Te Tahi." Carden, The Race
owned cave "Nonetheless we are dealing with a privately owned and operated cave, and one suspects that funds for capital works would be scant." Henderson, Maori Leap Cave
painted cave
  • "With the coach tinkling musically to the sound of empty 'Pils' bottles, wo roamed slowly across the Massif Central with its wilderness of limestone interspersed with delightful green valleys, and visits were made to more prominent caves...the astonishing painted cave of Lascaux where the most extrodinary collection of Quaternary art yet discovered covered the ceiling and the walls." Eyre, Cave Explorers 72
  • "Grey's account (1841) of how he came across one of the best painted caves in North Kimberley reveals how successfully the native artist had positioned and drawn his Winjina paintings for dramatic effect." Jennings, Man and other animals 104
paleo-hypogenic cave "In a separate block of limestone only about 1 km east of Villa Luz, Grutas de Cuesta Chica appears to also represent a paleo-hypogenic cave." Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz 18
paragenetic cave "Flat ceilings, sitting above sediment remnants are characteristic features of paragenetic caves." Ellis, Wombeyan 67
particular cave "Hovey....He was the first American to deal with caves on a broad scale, as distinct from the many who had written desciptive accounts of particular caves." Shaw, cave science 245
passable cave "A large, passable cave can only be formed by a large stream, but in this area all the near-surface drainage is in the form of small trickles of water in comparably small micro-caves." Waltham, North-West England 102
perched cave "Depending on the geological and geographical contexts, the esplored caves aree either perched caves or caves close to the valley bottom." Jaillet, French mountain karsts 22
perfect cave "His Fingal's Cave Overture, faithfully and most remarkably transposes the architecture of that most symmetrical sea cave, that geometrically perfect cave, into a magnificent piece of classical music, a sonic analogue of that specific cave." Brison, Fingal's Cave Overture
phreatic cave
  • "There is today complete agreement among the various students of north-west England karst, that both preatic and vadose caves are present in large numbers." Waltham, North-West England 82
  • "Vung Ba Cua Island has a remnant of large old phreatic cave that completely breaches the narrow limestone ridge linking to its northeastern peinsula." Waltham, Ha Long Bay, p 8
  • "Abu-Dhahi Cave...A small phreatic cave formed in limestone, probably developed in groundwater bypassing a former valley fill." Laumanns & Langford, Jordan 106
pink cave "Chase's pink cave, which suggests warmth, is a place to be entered, the passage to the fertile womb of mother earth, the mysterious source of all things - and as in Moore's painting, a place of shelter and security." Crane, Cave 118
pleasant cave "Great Rutland Cavern....This is an extremely pleasant cave in view of the nature of its paths, which are practically level." Oldham, Discovering Caves 16
post-genetic cave "Secondary cave or post-genetic cave is formed in a volcanic complex where both explosive eruption and fissural eruption intermediately occur." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 316
prehistoric cave "A south-facing, about 15 m wide entrance leads up to 9 m into an archeologically significant "prehistoric cave", which is not only "more a rock shelter tha a cave" but also a "structure" with "a drip of water down the rock..rich in calcium.." or calcium carbonate forming "encrustations". Gebauer, Daniel (2020): Resources on the Speleology of Sri Lanka, Berliner höhlenkundliche Berichte Band 80, Berlin25
present cave
  • "These crystal-lined cavities must have formed before the present cave." Ellis, Wombeyan 64
  • "Deeply cut valley separates the present cave, located in the right part of the valley (Su Palu - su Spiria, Carcaragone, Su Molente, Cala Luna), from 21 km long Bue Marino." Hutnan, Grotta del Bue Marino - Sardinia 99
preserved cave "In fact, very few well-preserved caves were discovered in the Mauna Ulu lava." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 5
primary cave
  • "Within the family of lava caves or, perhaps more accurately, volcanic rock caves, we find both primary and secondary caves." Kempe, Galapagos 146
  • "Conduits that serve for lateral transport of lava within pahoehoe lava flows are the most numerous group of primary caves."  Kempe, Lava Caves 49
pristine cave "After discovering the pristine caves in 1974, Tenen and Tufts kept the location secret for fourteen years." Crane, Cave 178
private cave "Father Englert describes the particular way of hiding one of the private caves." Ciszewski, Easter Island 31
quick cave
  • "If you want a quick cave, there's Diamond Caverns, it's well lit, it's in the cave region." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 112
  • "Compared to the boreholes we were accustomed to, it promised to be only a quick cave that would eventually split into source tributaries." Miller, Belize 16
real cave
  • "Many features in the game (Colossal Cave Adventure) exist in the real cave." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 217
  • "The text relating to 'real' caves is found at the end of the Liber secundus." Kempe, Kircher 61
  • "If "ice cave" is used, except in its true sense of glacier ice cave, it seems at least as though it should be so only for real caves which retain ice, as opposed to taluses and wells." Balch,Glacières 110
relic cave "The origin and meaning of the Khasi cave name "krem Umkhang" was not identified but may derive from the Khasi word "ka'khang" for a fern or refer to "locked up, closed off water" especitally since both Krem Umkhang and the Procupine Cave, Lumshnong, are the only known dry and entirely relic caves in a neighbourhood of two dozen other caves which all provide access to active streamways." Gebauer, Lumshnong 133
religious cave "A handrail barrier at the end of the 8 m long room marks the end of the religious cave." Laumanns, Ninh Binh Province 14
remarkable cave "Certainly the challenge is not to create a "good picture" but to create images that do justice to a remarkable cave." Downey, Lechuguilla 21
remote cave "Numerous difficult and remote caves are still clean." Paul Courbon, Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, p 14
respectable cave "Kaumana Cave was fully mapped and proved to be a respectable cave, over two kilometres long, and full of biological and geological interest." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 10
restricted cave "Cavers such as Alan and Dave Brook appeared, and underground exploration in Britain suddenly took off as narrow, restricted caves were forced into sometimes astonishing dimensions by the 'mini' men." Eyre, Cave Explorers 262
resurgence cave entrance "For exploration active parts of the resurgence cave entrance are accessible to visitors." Laumanns, Lebanon 116
revolting cave "Vavul Pena...It is the most revolting cave I have visited for it is used as a roost by several thousand insectivorous bats and they are responsible for the constant rain of excrement which falls from the roof." Wilsen, Southern Sri Lanka 23
rock-cut cave "The Elephanta Caves on Gharapuri Island off the coast of Bombay are a collection of rock-cut caves dedicated to Shiva." Crane, Cave 151
sacred cave
  • "The sacred caves of the Greek island of Crete include several used for worship by the ancient Minoans and the Cave of Agia Sophia, which has a small Christian church built inside the cave itself." Crane, Cave 153
  • "In striking contrast to the world famous rock temples of continental India, the sacred caves of Sri Lanka generally consist not of artivicially excavated rock temples but of modified natural caves and rock shelters." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 12
  • "Strehlow (1970) reported the killing of an Aborigine who showed white men the whereabouts of a sacred cave of the Aranda tribe, Northern Territory." Jennings, Man and other animals 105
same cave
  • "Those were the same caves where during the Bird-Man's Day the first bird manutara arrival was looked out for." Ciszewski, Easter Island 21
  • "The same cave (Pixy's Cave) also features in the Hercule Poirot mystery Evil under the Sun (1941)." Crane, Cave 139
  • "Discrepancies in the accounts of the same cave about the volume of streams are due to this." Tratman, NW-Clare 27
scenic cave "Wavul Galge...But doubtless it will favourably compare with some of the limestone and other scenic caves the tourist is enticed to visit in many other countries." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 189
sea cave "The 27 April 1940 copy saw Bunter tied up in a sea cave by a spy in 'The Man from Germany'". Howes, Secret of a Sea Cave 46
seal-haunted cave "St. Kilda... Another seal-haunted cave beneath Diseval was observed from the cliff tops." Oldham, Scotland 122
secondary cave
  • "Within the family of lava caves or, perhaps more accurately, volcanic rock caves, we find both primary and secondary caves." Kempe, Galapagos 146
  • "Secondary caves form also in lava, including fissure caves, pit craters and erosional caves such as sea caves and caves formed by stream erosion such as Kuka'iau Cave, Hawaii." Kempe, Lava Caves 49
  • "Most are primary, but secondary caves form as well."  Kempe, Lava Caves 49
secret cave
  • "We should have a cave"," remarked Beni; "for we must store our plunder an a safe place. Can you tell us of a secret cave?" he asked Martha." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  192
  • "Whereas Coleridge gestures in this direction, there are voices throughout Auden's verse, chuckling, crying, purring, whispering and murmuring from the secret caves and underground streams beneath the limestone landscape." Crane, Cave 131
  • "Cave wars between rival commercial hucksters, locked entrances, stolen keys, clandestine night raids, closely guarded maps, stolen survey data, and 'secret'caves have long been the norm." Coons, Engle, In Morrisons's Footsteps, p 29
separate caves
  • "A lot of evidence supports the fact that in separate caves members of one family were buried." Ciszewski, Easter Island 25
  • "Cave databases listed caves that were clearly small fragments of a larger relict drainage system as distinct, separate caves." Crane, Cave 38
  • "Camas Malag Cave...There are two separate caves here, but because they are so close, they are treated as one." Oldham, Scotland 22
several caves
  • "Deer Cave...The enclosed valley upstream had been tentatively named the Garden of Eden, and it yielded several caves, but most didn't go far." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, S 5#
  • "Aragonite has been detected using XRD in several caves at Wombeyan including Sigma Cave and Wollondilly Cave." Ellis, Wombeyan 73
  • "Deliberate search for bones as in Europe led to the exploration of several caves." Shaw, cave science 60
shallow cave
  • "There were also half-underground rooms in shallow caves with holes in their ceilings." Ciszewski, Easter Island 28
  • "Mulwaree Cave....Three roots penetrated into this shallow cave in search of water and with time were encased in stone as calcite-containing solutions trickled over them." Ellis, Wombeyan 43
  • "For the same reason, the Ribblehead area contains only very shallow caves; had the area been more heavily jointed, one would expect there to be numerous potholes up to 75m deep, feeding perhaps to a combined resurgence at God's Bridge." Waltham, North-West England 100
short cave
  • "It is quite a short cave with a fine terminal sump." Tratham, NW-Clare 22
  • "Two caves were sketched: a rift cave (Grosse Lisan-Klufthöhle, 34 m long) as well as a short and low-roofed cave formed in a bedding plane (4 m long)." Laumanns & Longford, Jordan 103
  • "Waterfall Palace Cave: This is a short cave with a steep gradient located at the base of the NW-slope  of Loaheishan cone." 
significat cave
  • "The large outcrop of limestone each side of the River Kent estuary have very few significant caves, other than the phreatic networks of Hale Moss, described above." Waltham, NW-England 221
  • "The same team also explored significant caves in carbonate rocks of Jordan." Laumanns & Langford, Jordan 103
  • "In early 1972 the only really significant cave documented was the giant Bougainville system." Bourke, Papua New Guinea 25
silent cave "Omuna..The effect was perfectly fairy like, as the faint silver light of the sun, mellowed by the screen of tree tops, half-lighted up, these silent caves." Gebauer 140
siliceous cave "Here, Titus Lucretius Carus wrote about "siliceous caves...ful of air and wind" which he apparently had observed first-hand, virtually from base to summit of Mount Etna, early in the First Century BD (Cigna 1993)." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 172
similar cave
  • "Another similar cave had not got the described tunnel and could have accommodated only one person." Ciszewski, Easter Island 46
  • "Scott found a family group stricken with sickness in a Sydneyside cave in 1789...it was to their normal home in a similar cave to which Barrington assited them." Jennings, Man and other animals 101
simple cave "Ogof Ddwy Sir...A simple cave consisting of a single passage for almost its entire length." Stratford, South Wales 21
single cave
  • "No matter, it was considered to be a single cave." Crane, Cave 38
  • "A single cave is known which would supply us for the whole term of a war." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 84
  • "In fact, two-thirds of the guano species recorded at Wombeyan are only known from a single cave." Ellis, Wombeyan 125
slanted cave "Volcanic vents form pit-like or slanted caves, potentially very deep."  Kempe, Lava Caves 54
small cave
  • "Rather small caves called pahu served as the owner's refuge." Ciszewski, Easter Island 24
  • "In addition to unexplored areas in Mammoth Cave, trips go to smaller caves in the park and to previously explored areas that need re-surveying due to errors mad in previous surveys." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 106
  • "Coed-Y-Mwstwr Woods Cave...A small cave consisting of a single passage-" Stratford, South Wales 10
so-called cave "Out of the more than 220 "caves" (including true caves and so-called "caves" or rock shelters, etc.) which have been reported from Sri Lanka, I am aware of only seven or eight caves and rock shelters that have been "surveyed" to a degree resulting a ground plan, sections ets." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 14
some cave
  • "Some caves, of course, are natural death traps and any cavers wishing to explore theses types of flood channels should be as sure of the weather as they can be." Eyre., Cave Explorers 58
  • "In some caves the air is dangerous due to high concentrations of carbon dioxide." Crane, Cave 22
  • "The tackle required to visit some caves can run into hundreds of pounds and as most clubs have a store of tackle available for use by members this can save the potential caver a great deal of expense.2 Stratford, South Wales 5
spacious cave
  • "In apparent contrast, the spacious cave of the nymph Calypso is a place of intimate pleasure, where Calypso the lustrous goddess tried to hold Odysseus back." Crane, Cave 96
  • "In the hollow of the mountain at Laubachj is a very spacious cave in which can be heard the dull murmuring of a strongly flowing underground river." Shaw, cave science 16
  • "Batadomba Lena...A spacious cave with a long overhang to the left / west of its entrance forming a shelter about 100 yards long." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 33
special cave "These are volcanic terrains formed by lava, salt mountains or even glaciers, in which some very special caves open up." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 283
specific cave
  • "Apart from short notices of caves in Renaissance and Baroque books, texts dealing with specific caves are rare." Kempe, Kircher 59
  • "The mathematics and geometry of music combined with the architectural spaces in a cave can result in a perfectly acceptable aural reproduction of a specific cave." Brison, Fingal's Cave Overture 1909-2005
  • "An alternative theory, however, based on my observations in Guadalupe caves from 1960 to 1978, seems to have considerable explantory value for specific caves." Davis, Cave Development 43
spectacular cave
  • "Rowten Pot...On the original descent of this spectacular cave, the old-timers had pheasant and bottles of champagne lowered to them in baskets to celebrate the occasion." Eyre, Jim (1981): The Cave Explorers, The Stalactite Press, Calgary 58
  • "The most spectacular and oft-visited cave is the Tunnel Cave at Gley Bay mentioned by most of the earlier accounts." Oldham, Scotland 126
  • "Very little speleological investigation has taken place but there is great potential for the discovery of large and spectacular caves." Limbert, Phong Nha, p 4
splendid cave "Lancaster-Easegill, as it has been known for years, is the core of the now expanded Easegill System, and is a truly splendid cave." Waltham, Three Counties 22
sporting cave
  • "Shakespeare's Cave...An active and very sporting cave offering some difficulties and a thorough soaking even in summer." Stratford, South Wales 22
  • "Some of the most insignificant caves have the longest histories, whilst one of the longst and most sporting caves - Jeanie Barries' may be dismissed in a few lines." Oldham, Scotland iii
  • "I don't see why we shouldn't get a prime stack of sporting caves in the Rockies and west of the Rockies, particularly on Vancouver Island, to compare with the suite of caves now known." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 19
squalid cave "The first leprosarium on the island was located in a squalid cave where the patients lived in miserable conditions." Ciszewski, Easter Island 45
static cave
  • "Professor Thury of Geneva coined the terms "static cave" and "dynamic cave" which have come largely into use since, and which practically correspond to the German terms eishöhle and windröhre." Balch,Glacières 122
  • "I donot think the term "static cave" accurate, and prefer the term "apparently static cave" or "cave without distinct draughts."" Balch,Glacières 122
stinking cave "Hell is described as a hot, stinking cave of eternal punishment." Crochet, Guiraud, Symphonie 5
strenous cave "Mossdale Caverns.....The BSA had discovered the most strenous and potentially dangerous cave in England." Eyre, Cave Explorers 189
studied cave "Additional specimens from seven previously studied caves across the river in Calaveras County led Tom Briggs to conclude that tehy wer actually B. Melones, rather than a new  species of Banksula as he had previously thought." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 41
sub-horizontal cave "Qunf/Quanaf Cave...The sub-horizontal cave below starts with a 100 m long, 50 m wide and 20-30 m high chamber, overlying a smaller room." Laumanns, Oman 139
subterraneous cave "Kircher continues that subterraneous caves are of divers shape, caused either by chance or by Nature: Some are very high, others extensive or of bottomless depth, or have many entrances." Kempe, Kircher 62
super-deep cave "We'll return to San Augustin, put in Camp 4 and live and push awhile where three super-deep caves come close together." Steele, Huautla 13
surrounding caves
  • "Though I am not thoroughly familiar with the workings of ARSIP and the Pierre Saint-Martin explorations, I understand that foreign groups are able to explore the system and surrounding caves on the understanding that their findings are turned over to ARSIP." Thompson, Editorial 8-1980, p 3
  • "The 'old' guard of the a950s CRF was interested only in Flint Ridge and the surrounding caves." Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 13
surveyed cave "Atea Kananda..it is thus the longest surveyed cave outside of the U.S.A. or Europe." Bourke, Papua New Guinea 24
suspended cave "The karst formation process has led to the creation of not only underground rivers but also a variety of cave types including dry caves, terraced caves, suspended caves, dendritic caves and intersecting caves." Website "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park" 2022
syngenetic cave "Primariy/endogenous cave or syngenetic cave is formed in running lava flows, the gradually cool and become solidified." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 316
tectonic cave
  • "The second grroup contains sea-caves, caves formed by the erosion of water and tectonic caves." Kempe, Galapagos 46
  • "Tectonic fissure caves are a rare type; examples are Pit H and Wood Valley Pit Crater along the "Great Crack", the SW-Rift zone of the Kilaunea."  Kempe, Lava Caves 55
  • "Tectonic caves are still poorly documented." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
temperate cave "Snakes, however, do not live in Mammoth Cave (or in other temperate caves) because it's too cold for them." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 57
terraced cave "The karst formation process has led to the creation of not only underground rivers but also a variety of cave types including dry caves, terraced caves, suspended caves, dendritic caves and intersecting caves." Website "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park" 2022
tiny cave "A little further on, we came to a hole or tiny cave among a pile of rocks, where there was a painted sign: Eisgrube." Balch, Glacières 34
tropical cave
  • "It is surprising that no record could be found of the Aborigines hunting fruit bats in those tropical caves such as Tunnel Cave in West Kimberley where these bats live in the twilight zone, for they certainly used them on the surface as a food supply, taking them from the trees." Jennings, Man and other animals 106
  • "This is typical of tropical caves; the cave temperature here is probably nearly 20°C." Jennings, Karst in China 13
true cave
  • "If you want to see "glow worms" in a cave, you should head south of the Tennessee state line to Hazard Cave (a rock shelter rather than a true cave) in Picket State Park: actually, they are glowing fungus gnat larvae, but the name "glow larvae" lacks appeal." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 58
  • "An opening or recess in the earth which cannot be described as a 'void' - a rock shelter of cliff-side overhang - is not a cave, but if its darker pockets contain mineral formations typical of a "true cave", or provide habitat for organisms which populate caves, it may be described as a 'borderline cave.'" Crane, Cave 10
  • "Out of the more than 220 "caves" (including true caves and so-called "caves" or rock shelters, etc.) which have been reported from Sri Lanka, I am aware of only seven or eight caves and rock shelters that have been "surveyed" to a degree resulting a ground plan, sections ets." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 14
tubular cave "One of the reasons for this general lack of attention may have been the question of accessibibility but even more so the term lava tube may have suggested 'tubular cave' of little morphological variety and interest." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
two caves
  • "There are no two caves alike." Oldham, Discovering Caves 4
  • "Until 1979, Banksula melones was known only from two caves: McLean's Cave, which will be flooded, and McNamee's Cave, which is in a private quarry and will be destroyed eventually." Elliott, Damming up the Caves, p 38
unique cave "Was ist purely a spelelogical urge to own and control a unique cave, or was it a more basic commercial urge?" "Along with members of the British Speleologicla Association and other fledgling caving groups we discover many miles of passages in thix complex cave, narrowly avoid being drowned in a flood." Eyre, Cave Explorers 30
unchartered cave "In Slovenia, Nagel drew remarkably accurate plans of unchartered caves including Postojnska jama and Socerbska jama." Crane, Cave 27
unconnected caves "Up to 1976, however, these were two separate unconnected caves with about seven kilometres in Friar's Hole and about five kilometres surveyed in Snedegar's And Cruikshank caves." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 22
undecided cave "Gangodedeniya Galge...Brooks had not seen the "gangodadeniya" Galge "also called Nilgala Cave" and decided it is an undecided "cave/rock shelter formed between boulder to create a single chamber some 5 m by 8 m in size." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 69
underlying cave "It was certainly possible to follow quite impressive lines of skylights and post-activity collapses over long distances, but most collapses had filled the underlying cave and many tubes had not drained off their late sluggish flow." Wood, Caves on the Hawaiian Volcanoes 5
unexplored cave "For karst scientists William B. White, perhaps the greatest contribution American cavers have made to karst hydrology is not discovery per se, but the development and promotion in the second half of the twentieth century, of a 'map-as-you-go' ethic for trips into unexplored caves." Crane, Cave 81
unexhumed cave "Since fossiliferous cave fills have been cut across in quarries which are as old as Devonian (near Davenport, Tasmania), and since the geomorphic histories of cave areas are now being interpreted to imply that unfilled and unexhumed caves are as old as Paleogene at Bungonia Caves, New South Wales, it is likely that mammal bones will be found in much older deposits than they have so far." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 123
unfathomed  cave "The creature I had killed, the strange beast of the unfathomed cave was, or had at one time been, a MAN!!!" O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities  185
unfilled cave "Since fossiliferous cave fills have been cut across in quarries which are as old as Devonian (near Davenport, Tasmania), and since the geomorphic histories of cave areas are now being interpreted to imply that unfilled and unexhumed caves are as old as Paleogene at Bungonia Caves, New South Wales, it is likely that mammal bones will be found in much older deposits than they have so far." Jennnings, Man and other animals in Australian caves 123
unfinished cave "Although attention is focussed on the deep unfinished caves, other lesser known caves can make big bounds to the depths." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 13-1981, 27
unidentfied cave
  • "Kusch (1984c) had not heared ot three caves but also compiled the names of 16 rock shelter sites...unidentified "caves" on the way to Ramboda Pass, Sigiriya and Tantirimalai." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 15
  • "Krem Umpyrta, Wahiajer...An unidentified cave calles "Krem Umpyrta", misprinted "Krem Umpyrti", seems to be a seasonally active stream cave." Gebauer,  Lumshnong 148
uninteresting cave "Rawana Ella Cave...From there, it's a steep and slippery climb - it can become treacherous after rain - up to the uninteresting cave itself." Rogh Guide, Sri Lanka 285
unknown cave
  • "At first, the settlers who found Mammoth Cave in the late 1700s thought they discovered a previously unknown cave." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 71
  • "In Switzerland, a sudden flood burst from a large, previously unknown cave in the Tête Rousse Glacier and killed some 150 sleeping villagers." Halliday, Glaciospeleology  31
  • "..a handful of cavers..from Austin, Texas...had found an abundance of huge, unknown caves south of the border in Mexico." Stelle, Huautla 3
unmapped cave "The same article also mentions another yet unmapped cave, called "C61", situated approximately 200-300 SSE from C6 cave." Laumanns, Krong No Volcanic Park 35
unnamed cave
  • "The next unnamed cave is 5x4x2 m big." Ciszewski, Easter Island 49
  • "This social satire about greed and materialism is told from the unusual perspective of a handkerchief. Cooper, best known for his novel The Last of the Mohicans (1826), mentions unnamed Kentucky caves in this less-well-known work." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 185
unpleasant cave "Pollcahermaan..this is a tight unpleasant cave providing a very considerable geomorphical puzze as it runs south under the shale-capped ridge for nearly 1,300 yd." Tratham, NW-Clare 22
unroofed cave "Entrance to Glass Cave, an unroofed cave in the making." Ellis, Wombeyan 62
unspecificied cave "..a group of unspecified "caves" of unidentified nature bear inscriptions dated to the 1st century A.D." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 29
unspoiled cave "Skirwith Cave...This almost unspoiled cave, well known to potholers, was opened to the public in 1964." Oldham, Discovering Caves 46
upper cave "The general color effect of all this upper cave is white, although there is some blue in the ice, and gray and brown in the rocks and shadows." Balch, Glacières 16
used cave "A much used cave in Northern Territory, Yulirienji Cave, is a short, former river cave, modified by weathering, yet it is formed in siliceous cemented quartz sandstone." Jennings, Man and other animals 98
vadose cave "There is today complete agreement among the various students of north-west England karst, that both preatic and vadose caves are present in large numbers." Waltham, North-West England 82
valuable cave "It is a valuable cave to have within the limits of a city of 1.2 million people and is accordingly heavily visited." Jennings, Karst in China 10
vaporous cave "According to a legend, the discovery of the thermal heritage is to be attributed to the mythological Daedalus who, fleeing from Crete after having built the famous labyrinth, stopped near the vaporous caves of Mount Kronio and, recognizing their curative and therepeutic In ...use, arranged the entrance with seats carved in stone." Garberi, Forti, USI IMPROPRI (?) 107
varied caves "I deliberately chose my sample of caves for the maximum variety and worked out a model for the development of these varied caves, a new theory, if you like, to replace the older theories." Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979, p 15
various caves
  • "Robin Hood, perhaps the most famous of all legendary outlaws, is said to have taken refuge on several occasions in a cave, and nowadays various caves, each supposedly the site of his temporary hide-out, bear his name." Crane, Cave 104
  • "There are a number of single-person entries on a given date in various caves, but in all cases checked, it turned out that only one person in a group signed the register." Wilson, Solo Cave Myth 20
  • Mud balls...They may be the muddy equivalent of the calcite balls reported by others from various caves." Tratman, NW-Clare 88
vast cave
  • "In this vast cave we must have looked more like insects than human beings." McFarlane, Underland 195
  • "The first (wonder) I meet in my way,
    is a vast cave, which the old people say,
    One Poole an outlaw made his residence.." Charles Cotton (1683) The Wonders of the Peak
vertical cave
  • ""Bill Cuddington, known affectionately as 'Vertical Bill', is widely regarded as the fathere of vertical caving (descending and ascending vertical caves on ropes) in the United States." Crane, Cave 81
  • "Despite the obvious limitations by poor equipment, techniques and the general infant state of Soviet speleology at that time, the Georgian researchers explored several vertical caves to a depth of -250 m and pointed out the considerable depth potential of the area." Klimchou, Kubera 25
  • "Victoria Aven - the finest vertical ave in Derbyshire" Proudlove, Peak Cavern 5
virgin cave
  • "Similarly, Dino and I hold the record for the deepest penetration by women while on a push exploring virgin cave when we reached a depth of -812 m (without camping) in Li Nita." Jill Dorman, Letter to the Editor, Caving Internatiional Magazine 9-1980, p 48
  • "Exploring a truly 'virgin' cave in Beliize is a rare experience, but so much time has passed since the previous explorations that I tend almost to view evidence of the Maya as natural features of the cave." Miller, Belize 16
  • "Most people go for the new areas - the virgin cave - the major trunk passages - the unknown." Caving International Interview with Peter Lindsley, CIM 12-1981, p 11
virtual cave "These central caves are not the only virtual caves." Kempe, Kircher 61
visited cave
  • "Erosion is present in several of the visited caves." Kempe, Galapagos 151
  • "Gough's Cave....This is the most visited cave in Great Britain." Oldham, Discovering Caves 31
  • "It is probably one of the most visited caves in West Virginia, and while practically everyone who goes in goes to the Historic part, because it is large and dry, thers is quite a bit of cave beyond a pool of water about 800 metres in, and that's where the most recent discoveries have been made in this cave." Doug Medville, CIM-Interview 22
volcanic cave
  • For those researchers seeking to understand what happens during the formation of volcanic caves and the processes that are responsible for their formation and enlargement, much appears still to belearned." Kempe, Galapagos 144
  • "On Reunion, at least one volcanic cave was reported in 1769, with a more detailed consideration by Bory de St. Vincent in 1801 und studies by LaCroix in 1936." Halliday, Vulcanospeleology 173
  • "Volcanic caves (lava caves) are preciously geological heritage resource that has been studied und conserved in many countries for centuries." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 299
voluminous cave "Pre-Cambrian to Cambrian limestones and pockets of cale-granulites occur in the Highlands and tend to form comparatively voluminous or extenscive caves." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 7
water-filled cave
  • "Not only are caves off the map of everyday life, the dark depths of caves - especially water-filled caves - extend well beyound the reach of even the most determined explorers." Crane, Cave 12
  • "Further north and east, where the Great Scar Limestone is more deeply buried, the underground water circulation must be entirely phreatic and large water-filled caves have been found by deep boreholes beneath Grassington Moor." Waltham, North-West England 87
  • "Tidal Well...The second drilling broke into the water-filled cave, the bottom of which has not been possible to reach." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 178
wave-cut cave "Wave-cut caves in volcanic rock are quite common and may be of substantial size." Kempe, Volcanic Rock Caves 865
Staffa
well-decorated cave "On the northern tip of the island, the barren Jaffna peninsula has a low-level doline karst containing many small shafts and a few short, well-decorated caves, while tidal shafts have been explored." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 7
well known cave
  • "Gut Hole..A well known cave but of little interest to the sporting caver." Stratford, South Wales 75
  • "Apart from Fingals Cave there are a number of other well-known caves on the island, including Clamshell Cave, Goat Cave, Boat Cave, McKinnons Cave and Cormorans Cave, the last two of which are linked." Mills, Fingals Cave 164
  • "The find is also important because it tells us that there are still many things to be found even in well-known caves or karst areas such as the Karst plateau." Mihevc, Bestaovca Cave 158
well-ventilated cave "A well-ventilated cave might let in fallout, and a cave with too little ventilation might be unsafe for large groups of people for long periods of time." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 176
wet cave
  • "It is no mean feat to have surveyed to CRG grade 4 over 30 miles of passages in these very wet caves." Tratham, NW-Clare 22
  • "Depending on the groundwater level, the volcanic caves are divided into two types, dry and wet caves...the wet type is below the groundwater level, normally soaked with water." La The Phuc, Krongno Volcano Geopark 304
  • "The Nikonos has found wide acceptance among those who specialize in very wet caves requiring swimming, climbing through waterfalls, and dealing with heavy mist and fog." Williams, Cave photography 35
whole cave
  • "She felt as if the whole cave was shaking, but she says it might have been only the concrete platform." O'Connor Olson, Colleen, Mammoth Cave Curiosities 16
  • "Deer Cave...Because of its vast size, daylight penetrates virtually the whole cave, which simplifies navigation." Brook, Waltham, Mulu part 1, 3
  • "The entrance to the cave is so large that plenty of daylight is admitted, and the whole cave easily examined." Balch, Glacières 11
wide cave "Lunugala Lena...A great, wide cave infested with incredible colonies of bats, the floor being spongy with their dung." Gebauer, Sri Lanka 116
wild cave
  • "The entrance zone..open entrance in a forested valley - is the furthest most people will ever venture into 'wild caves'." Crane, Cave 20
  • "Some of these wild caves have been developed and shown to tourists in the past, others have never been developed." Ellis, Wombeyan 51
  • "It remains essentially a wild cave, with some modest infrastructure for its use as an 'adventure cave', although DOC does not currently run tours there - it is an 'open access' cave." Baird, Rawhiti Cave
winter caving "Winter caving offers many advantages over summer caving: the more interesting caves with strong winds often have snow-free entrances and are visible from a long distance." Degrave, The European Caving Scene 12-1981, p 14
wonderful cave "The retrace our steps up his majesty's stairway and along to the entrance is easy work; and then there comes the most wonderful of all the sights of this wonderful cave, a vision which well illustrates the meaning of the title 'Sunshine Cave." Baird, Rawhiti Cave
yawning cave "While the Cyclops'cave is both a comfortable abode and a place of cannibal atrocity, the lair of the six-headed monster Scylla is a 'fog-bound cavern', a 'yawning cave', a 'terrifying pit'." Crane, Cave 96

 


Literatur:

Aley, Tom (1980): Caving International Interview with .. Director of the Ozark Underground Laboratory, Caving International Magazine 9-1980, p 13

D'Angeli, Ilenia Mardia D', Jo De Waele, Rosario Ruggieri, Laura Sanna (2013): Pleistozene Sea Level Changes as revealed by flank margin caves in telogenetic limestones in Sicily and Sardinia (Italy), 2013 ICS Proceedings, Karst and Caves in Carbonate Rocks, Salt and Gypsum, p 29ff.

Armstrong, R., Osborne, L., Pathamakumara Jayasingha, Wasantha S. Weliange (2013): An introduction to Sri Lankan gneiss and granite caves, 2013 ICS Proceedings S. 280-285

Baird, Jane (2004): Rawhiti Caves, NZSS Tomo Times 164-2004

Balch, Edwin Swift (Nachdruck 1970): Glacières or freezing caverns, Original 1900

Boon, Mike (1980): Editorial 1980, Caving International Magazine Nr. 6&7, p 3

Boon, Mike (1982): Editorial Weighin up the odds, Caving International Magazine Nr. 14-1982, p 3

Bourke, Mike (1980): Progress in Papua New Guinea - 1978 & 1979, Caving International Magazine 6&7 - 1980, p 22ff.

Brändli, Marcel (1979): The Hölloch, Caving International Magazine 5-1979, p 14ff.

Braun, Jean-Pierre, Degrave, Etienne (1979): The Schneeloch, Caving International Magazine 4-1979, p 18ff.

Brison, David (  ): Classical Music, Fingal's Cave Overture, caveinspiredmusic.com

Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1978): The Underworld of Mulu, part 1, Caving International Magazine 1

Brook, D., Waltham, A.C. (1979): The Underworld of Mulu, part 2, Caving International Magazine 2

Brucker, Roger W. (1982): Cave Photography - Part 1: The Basics - and More, NSS NEWS November 1982, p 282ff

Carden, Deborah (2005): The Race Through Metro Cave, NZSS Tomo Times, No. 164, December 2004

Carroll, Robert W. (1984): The Snowtube Challenge, NSS News November 1984, p 329

Chirol, Bernard (2022): A history of French speleology, Spelunca 166-2022, p 7

Coons, Don, Engle, Sheri (1981): In Morrisons's Footsteps, Caving International Magazine12-1981, p 29ff

Courbon, Paul (1981): Caving Internantional Magazine-Interview, No 10-1981, p 13ff

Ciszewski, Andrezej, Ryn, Zdzislaw Jan, Szelerewicz, Mariusz (2009): The Caves of Easter Island Underground World of Rapa Nui, Krakow

Clarke, Arthur (2004): A Mystery Cave in New Zealand, NZSS Tome Times, No. 164, December 2004

Coons, Don, Engle, Sheri, In Morrisons's Footsteps, Caving International Magazine 12-1981, p 29ff

Cotton, Charles (1683): The Wonders of the Peak

Courbon, Paul (1978): Reflections on a solo trip to Pierre Saint-Martin (übersetzt aus Spelunca 1-1972), in: Caving International Magazine 1-1978, p 22f.

Courbon, Paul (1979): The Conquest of Pierre Saint-Martin, Caving International Magazine 3-1979, p 20ff.

Crane, Ralph, Fletcher, Lisa (2015): Cave, Reaction Book, London

Crochet,Philippe, Guiraud, Annie (2021): Symphonie en sous-sol / Underground Symphony, infine

Crossley, Robert Ian (1981): The Sea-Mills of Argostoli, Caving International Magazine 11-1981, p 9

Dandurand, Grégory, Camus, Hubert, Pallier, Celine, Bigot, Jean-Yves, Bruxelles, Laurent, Cailhol, Didier, Maire, Richard, Quinif, Yves (2022): Speleogenesis challenged by new paradigms, KARSTOLOGIA n° 79, 2022, 45-52

Davis, Donald G. (1979): Cave Development in the Guadelupe Mountains, N.M./Texas, Caving International Magazine 3-1979, p 43

Davis, Donald G. (1988): The Uniqueness of Lechuguilla Cave, NSS NEWS November 1988, p 426ff.

Degrave, Etienne (1981): The European Caving Scene, Caving International Magazine, 12-1981, p 14

Degrave, Etienne (1981): The European Caving Scene, Caving International Magazine, 13-1981, 27

Eavis, Andy, Willis, Dick, Dodd, Lindsey (1981): Cathay-Pacific Airways MULU 80, Caving International Magazine 12-1981, p 18ff.

Elliott, William (1981): Damming up the Caves, Caving International Magazine 10-1981, p 38ff.

Ellis, Ross (editor), Sydney Speleological Society (2004): Caves and Karst of Wombeyan, occasional paper no. 13, Sydney

Engel, Annette Summers (2013): The Caves that Microbes built - the Frontier of Caver and Karst Science, 2013 ICS Proceedings volume 1, 21-25

Exley, Sheck (1980): Deep Cave Diving, Caving International Magazine 9-1980, p 41f

Eyre, Jim (1981): The Cave Explorers, The Stalactite Press, Calgary

Finch, Michael (1986): Chesterton - a biography, London

Ford, Derek (1979): Caving International Interview with Derek Ford, CIM 3-1979

Frankland, Dr. John (1978): The Los Tayos Expedition, Caving International Magazine 1-1978, p 11ff.

Galant, P. (2022): Another look at the archaeology of karst environments, KARSTOLOGIA n° 79, 2022, 85-90

Gamble, Frances M., (1981): Alpha-Radiation in Karst Caves of the Transvaal, South Africa, Trans. British Cave Research Assoc. Vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 254-260. Dec.

Garberi, Maria Luisa, Forti, Paolo (ridedizione 2022): USI Impropri (?) La fruiione della cavità nell'iconografia antica e moderna, SSI, n° 79, 2022, 91-96

Gauchon, C., Biot, V. (20229: News about underground tourism in France, KARSTOLOGIA 

Gebauer, Daniel (2020): Resources on the Speleology of Sri Lanka, Berliner Höhlenkundliche Berichte Band 80, Berlin

Gebauer, Daniel (2015): Resources on the Speleology of Meghalaya State, India Part 6: Lumshnong (East Jaintia Hills), Berliner Höhlenkundliche Berichte, Band 60, Berlin

Gunko, Alexey, Kondratyeva, Sofia, Stepkin, Vitaly (2017): Artificial caves in chalk outcrops in the Don basin, HYPOGEA 2017 - Proceedings of international congress of speleology in artificial cave - Cappadokia, March 6/8 2017, p 461ff.

Halliday, William R. (1979): Glaciospeleology, Caving International Magazine no. 4, 1979, 31-34

Halliday, William R. (200.): A Short History of Vulcanospeleology, IXth International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, p 172-177

Hegedüs, Gyula (2013): 50 years of cave rescue in Hungary, 2013 ICS Proceedings, p 54ff.

Henderson, Kent (2004): Maori Leap Cave, South Island, New Zealand, NZSS Tomo Times 164-2004

Hettiarachchi, Kumundini (2019): Into the "Beast" they went, to shine a light on its 'treasures'. THE SUNDAY TIMES, 3.3.3019 https://www.sundaytimes.lk/190303/news/into-the-beast-they-went-to-shine-a-light-on-its-treasures-338936.html

Howes, Chris (2022): Secret of the Sea Cave, in: DESCENT 288-2022, p 46

Hutnan, Daniel (2013): Grotta del Bue Marino - Sardinia, 2013 ICS Proceedings, Exploration and Cave Techniques, p 97

Jaillet, Stephane, Calvet, Marc, Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Hoblea, Fabien, Maire, Richard, Perrette, Yves, Vernant, Philippe (2022). French mountain karsts, markers of landscape evolutions, KARSTOLOGIA n° 79, 2022, 21-34

James, Julia (1982): Caving International Magazine Inverview14-1982, p 7ff

Jennings, J.N. (1979): Man and other animals in Australian caves and shelters: a review, Trans. British Cave Research Assoc., Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 93-130

Jennings, J.N. (1981): Karst in China, Caving International Magazine 13-1981, p 6ff

Kay, Rob (1997): Capricorn Tower, Caving International Magazine 4-1979, p 44

Kempe, Stephan, Middleton, Greg, Addison, Aaron, Toulkeridis, Theofilos, Hoese, Geoffrey (2019): New Insights into the Genesis of Pyroducts of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, ACTA CARSOLOGICA 50/1, 143-163, Postojna 2021

Kempe, Stephan, Naumann, Gottfried, Dunsch, Boris (2013): Athanasius Kircher's Chapter XX "About Caves", fractures and the innumerable passages of the earth and the grotto of Antiparos from "Mundes Subterraneus", 1678, translated from Latin, in: 2013 ICS Proceedings, Brno, p 59ff.

Kempe, Stephan (2012): Lava Caves, Types and Development, 15th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 2012, p 49-56

Kiernan, Kevin, Middleton, Greg (2005): Groundwater Movement and Management in Tube-Fed Lavas, Cave Management in Australsia 15, ACKMA inc. Proceedings 2005, p 40-91

Kiernan, Kevin (1980): Caves of Tasmania, Caving International Magazine Nr. 6&7-1980, p  36ff.

Kleszynski, Christopher (1981): Lamprechtsofen - The Magic "1,000", Caving International Magazine 11-1981, p 34ff.

Klimchouk, Alexander, Kasjan, Yury (2001): Krubera (-1710 m) The deepest cave in the World, International Caver 2001, p 23ff.

Laczi, Orsolya (2013): Cave Archeologiy in Hungary - Synopsis and new Perspectives, 2013 ICS Proceedings, p 150ff.

La The Phuc, Hiroshi Tachihara, Tsutomu Honda, Luong Thi Tuat et al. (2018): Geological values of lava caves in Krongno Volcano Geopark, Dak Nong, Vietnam, Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 40(4), 299-319

Laumanns, Michael (Ed): Karst and Caves of South Vietnam, Part 1: Provinces of Kien Gang, An Giang and Da Nang, Berliner Höhlenkundliche Berichte, Band 43, Berlin

Laumanns, Michael (Ed) (2018): Karst and Caves of South Vietnam, Part 3: The Caves of Krong No Volcanic Geopark, Dak Nong province, Berlin 

Laumanns, Michael (ed) (2014): Karst and Caves of Ninh Binh Province (northern Vietnam) Berliner Höhlenkundliche Berichte, volume 55

Laumanns, Michael /Ed) (2022): Oman, in: Laumanns, Michael (Editor): Atlas of the great caves and the karst of the middle East, Berliner höhlenkundliche Berichte, Band 83, Berlin 2022

Laumanns, Michael, Langford, Boaz (2022): Jordan, in: Laumanns, Michael (Editor): Atlas of the great caves and the karst of the middle East, Berliner höhlenkundliche Berichte, Band 83, Berlin 2022

Laumanns, Michael (2022): Lebanon, in: Laumanns, Michael (Editor): Atlas of the great caves and the karst of the middle East, Berliner höhlenkundliche Berichte, Band 83, Berlin 2022

Lewis, Ian D. (1979): The Nullabor Plain - and the World's longest cave dive, Caving International Magazine 3-1979, p 3ff.

Le Provencal (1979): Beneath the Valley of Sighs, Caving International Magazine 4-1979, p 38ff.

Limbert, Howard (1992): Phong Nha & Hang Toi, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, The International Caver (2) 1992, p 4ff.

Louise, D., Hose and James A. Pisarowicz, Cueva de Villa Luz, Tabasco, Mexico: Reconnaissance Stud of an active Sulphur Spring Cave and Ecosystem, in: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 6(11), April 1999, 13-21

Loveridge, Fleur (2022): Labyrinthine Labours, in: DESCENT 288-2022, p 42ff.

MacFarlane, Robert (2019): Underland - a deep time journey, Pinguin

Medville, Doug (1979): Caving International Interview: Doug Medville on The Friar's Hole System, Caving International Magazine 4-1979, p 21ff.

Mihevc, Andrey (2013): Neolithic drawings from Bestaovca Cave, Western Slovenia, 2013 ICS Proceedings, p 156ff.

Miller, Tom (1981): Houses of Stone - Caving in Belize, Caving International Magazine 11-1981, p 16ff.

Mills, Kirsty (2010): Fingals Cave, Staffa, in: Proceedings 14th International Symposium on Volcanospeleology, 2010, p 163ff.

Montgomery, Neil (1979): The Atea Expeditions, Caving International Magazine no. 2 - 1979, p 7ff.

Murland, Jerry (1981): Cave Diving in Northern Debyshire, UK, Caving International Magazine, 10-1981, p 33ff

O'Connor Olson, Colleen (2017): Mammoth Cave Curiosities, University Press of Kentucky

Oldham, Tony (1975): The Caves of Scotland, Bristol

Oldham, Tony and Anne (1972): Discovering Caves - A guide to the show caves of Britain, Shire Publications Ltd., Aylesbury

Owens, Delia (2019): Where the crawdads sing, Corsair

Perou, Sid (1980): CIM Interview (Mike Boon) with .., Caving International Magazine 8-1980, p 7ff.

Petzl,  Fernand (1980): Interview with, Caving International Magazine 6&7-1980, p 54ff.

Proudlove, Graham s. et al. (1985): Recent Explorations in Peak Cavern, Caves & Caving 29-1985

Rough Guide, The (2009): Sri Lanka, 3rd edition, London

Shafak, Elif (2021): The Island of Missing Trees, Viking by Penuin Books

Shaw, Trevor R. (1992): History of Cave Science, second edition, sydney speleological society, Sydney

Spate, Andy (   ): Did the earth move for you? Earthquakes and caves, ANDYSEZ 51

Sprouse, Peter (1980): Viewpoint, Caving International Magazine 9-1980, p 7

Steele, Bill (1979): Huautly of the Eighties, Caving International Magazine 5-1979, p 3ff.

Steiner, Helmut (2011): Biospeleology of southern Vietnam, in: Laumanns, Michael (Ed): Karst and Caves of South Vietnam, Part 1: Provinces of Kien Gang, An Giang and Da Nang, Berliner Höhlenkundliche Berichte, Band 43, Berlin

Stratford, Tim (1982 second edition): Caves of South Wales, Leicester

Striniati, Pierre (1978): Caving in Africa, Caving International Magazine 1-1978, 27

Thompson, Peter (1978): A Note from the Publisher, Caving International Magazine, 1-1978, p 2

Thompson, Peter (1979): Caving International Service or Disservice to Caves and Caving? Caving International Magazine 2-1979, p 2

Thompson, Peter (1979): Editorial, Caving International Magazine 3-1979, p 2

Thompson, Peter (1980): Expedition Ethic, Caving International Magazine 9-1980, p 3

Thompson, Peter (1981): Speleo-Piracy, Caving International Magazine 10-1981, p 3

Thompson, Peter (1981): On an International Cave Conservation and Access Lobby, Caving International Magazine 11-1981, p 3

Thompson, Peter (1981): Viewpoint, Caving International Magazine 12-1981, p 3

Thompson, Peter (1981): Doing it in Style, Caving Internationol Magazine 13-1981, p 3

The University of Bristol Speleological Society, edited by Tratman, E.K. (ohne Jahresangabe): The Caves of North-West Clare, Ireland, David & Charles, Newton Abbot

Tom Rea on (1978): Tom Rea on, in: Caving International Magazine 1-1978, 26f.

Verheyden, Sophie, Nehme, Carole, Onac, Bogdan P. (2022): Speleothem science - A short review and state of the art, KARSTOLOGIA n° 79, 2022, 53-60

Wajsbrot, Cécile (übersetzt von Anne Weber) (2021): Nevermore, Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen

Waltham, A.C. edited by (1974): Limestones and caves of North-West England, David & Charles. Newton Abbot for The British Cave Research Association

Waltham, A.C. (1980): Caves of the Three Counties, Caving International Magazine 8-1980, p 22ff.

Waltham, Tony (1980): The British Caving Scene, Caving International Magazine 9-1980 p 23

Waltham, Tony (2000): Karst and Caves of Ha Long Bay, www.speleogenesis.info

Watson, Red (1980): Speleologia The Zephyrus Press Experience, Caving International Magazine 9-1980

Watson, Red (1981): Jean Truel: Cave Artist, Caving International Magazine 13-1981, p 44f

Williams, Alan (1979): Cave Photography Under Adverse Conditions, Caving International Magazine 5-1979, p 34ff.

Wilson, Jane (1988): Southern Sri Lanka, Caves & Caving 42, p 22f.

Wilson, John (1978): The Solo Caving Myth, in: Caving International Magazine No. 1

Wood, Chris, Zhang, Haiyan (2010): Volcanic Centres and Lava Caves in China, Proceedings 14th International Symposium on Volcanospeleology, 2010, p 123ff.

Woolfe, Virginia (1927): To the Lighthouse, London

Links 

woerterbuecher/dictionary D-E.htm

Sprache-Indexseite


[ Index ] [ Englisch version ] [ Höhlen und Höhlengebiete ] [ Kunst ]
[ HöRePsy ] [ Höhlenschutz ] [ VHM ] [ Veranstaltungen ] [ Links ]